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Language Production - Coggle Diagram
Language Production
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Error detection
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Perceptual loop theory (Levelt, 1983)
Conflict-based account (Nozari et al., 2011)
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Error detection is slow, as we need to monitor our own overt speech
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Audience design
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Speaker copies words, phrases heard previously, the other person speaking serves as a prime/prompt
Assumed to increase ability to communicate with listener, listeners find it easier to understand
Also makes it easier to work out what to say, use gestures even when we can't see speaker
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How words are uttered - rhythm, stress (accent), intonation, etc.
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um..., er... - speaker experiencing problems deciding what to say
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Several types of error
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Speech planning extends over the entire clause, e.g. My chair seems empty without my room
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Sounds of words planned shortly in advance, e.g. bedbugs - budbegs
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Initial letter of two words are switched, e.g. Go and shake a tower - Go and take a shower
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Word replaced by another with similar meaning, e.g. Where is my cricket bat? - Where is my cricket racket?
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Inflexions/suffixes attached to wrong hands, e.g. He has already trunked two packs
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Collective noun is singular but resembles a plural noun e.g. The team has won the match - The team have won the match
Common ground
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Global: preferred language, general knowledge, shared experiences
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Phrase level
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Simple initial noun phrase
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Conjoined initial noun phrase
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Speech production
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Preformulation: production of phrases used before, e.g. a piece of cake, under the weather
Under specification: use of simplified expressions, e.g. ...or something, ...and things like that
Anomia
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Problems with word retrieval, e.g. something you use to make fire (a match)
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Neuropsychology
Some truth in distinction, but oversimplification
Same form of aphasia, but different impairments
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Specific cognitive impairments - Anomia, Agrammatism, Jargon aphasia
Speech planning
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Clause - part of the sentence containing a subject and a verb, e.g. The dog is sleeping...
Phrase - a group of words that express a single idea, e.g. ...on the bed
Aphasia
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Due to stroke, brain tumour, injury infection, etc.
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Agrammatism
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Omit function words (the, and, in) and word endings
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Speech errors
Generally accurate when speaking, but sometimes prone to error
Majority of errors are not random, but systematic
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Effect of intoxication
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Impairs attention, memory, thinking and reasoning
Produce more dysfluencies (e.g. stammering, stuttering)
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