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The Synapse - Coggle Diagram
The Synapse
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Neurotransmitters
Neuropeptides
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Transmit slow, diffuse, long-lasting signals
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Amino acid
Fast-acting, directed synapses in the CNS
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Synapses
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Nondirected synapses
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Neurotransmitters are released from a series of varicosities along the axon and it's branches and thus are widely dispersed to surrounding targets
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Gap junctions
Narrow spaces between adjacent cells that are bridged by fine, tubular, cytoplasm-filled protein channels called connexins
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Neurotransmitter action
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Action potentials cause vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their neurotransmitter molecules into the synapse
Released neurotransmitter molecules bind with autoreceptors and inhibit subsequent neurotransmitter release
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Action Potential
Entry of Ca2+ ions stimulated by the action potential causes the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and empty their contents into the synaptic cleft
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Neuropeptides are released gradually in response to general increases in the level of intreacellular Ca2+ ions
Once released, neurotransmitter molecules produce signals in the postsynaptic neurons by binding to receptors in the postsynaptic membrane
Each receptor is a protein that contains binding sites for only those cells that have the receptor for it.
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Metabotropic receptors
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Effects are slower to develop, longer-lasting, more diffuse and more varied.
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Subunit may move along the inside surface of the membrane and bind to a nearby ion channel, thereby inducing an IPSP or EPSP.
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Drug action
Agonistic
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Binds to postsynaptic receptors and activates them or increases the effect on them of neurotransmitter molecules
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