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TISSUES, Plant And Animal, Tissues - Coggle Diagram

- - - - growth
        
        in lenght
        
        in width
    - - Apical meristems
        
        on the tips of roots and shoots
        
        Increase in height
        
        cell division on the tip = primary growth
      - Lateral meristems
        
        Lateral sides of roots and shoots
        
        increase in the thickness of stems and roots
        
        growth in the sides = secondary growth
        
        Ex: cork cambium in woody plans, vascular cambium between XYLEM and PHLOEM
      - Intercalery meristems
        
        base of monocots, along internodes and nodes, leaf base
        
        growh in lenght of internodes
        
        devolopment of branches
    - - spherical, oval, polygonal
      - no intercellular space
      - living cells
      - dense protolasm
      - large nucleus
      - thin cell wall
      - no or very little vacuoles
  - - - Simple tissues
        
        Dermal tissues
        
        Closely pack
        
        Single layered
        
        Give protection
        
        Ex: epidermis
        Forms the covering of leaves
        Has a waxy coating called the cuticle that helps the plant retain water and prevents drying out
        Has stomata for change of gases
        Has unicellular root hairs
        
        Ground tissues
        
        Bulk
        
        provides mechanical support
        
        synthesize food
        
        Parenchyma
        
        thin walled
        
        spherical or oval
        
        large vacuole, prominent nucleus
        
        prominent intercellular space
        
        in plant organs- roots, shoots, leaves
        
        store and synthesize food
        
        chlorenchyma
        
        has chloroplast
        
        carries out photosynthesis
        
        in leaves and other plant organs
        
        Aerenchyma
        
        large air cavities in it
        
        present in aquatic plants
        
        helps to float
        
        ex: banana leaf
        
        Collenchyma
        
        elongated or oval
        
        no intercellular spaces
        
        walls thickened at ends due to pectin(secondary thickening)
        
        found beneath epidermis
        
        provides strength and elasticity
        
        Sclerenchyma
        
        Thick walls due to lignin(highly lignified walls)
        
        closely packed, dead cells
        
        mechanical strength
        
        Types
        
        Fibers
        
        elongated
        
        pointed ends
        
        simple wall pits
        
        found in outer region of cortex and pericycle of stems, midrib and xylem and phloem
        
        Ex: cotton fiber, jute fiber
        
        Sclerides
        
        small, oval or irregular
        
        thick lignified walls
        
        has pits
        
        found in seed coats and pulp of fruits
        
        provide gritty and a crunchy texture to the fruit
    - - Xylem(WATER)
        
        dead cells
        
        elongated
        
        arranged end to end
        
        thick and lignified cell walls
        
        have pits
        
        no protoplasm
        
        large cavities
        
        Trachids
        
        tappering end walls
        
        Vessels
        
        end walls break down
        
        long tubes
        
        mechanical strength and conducts water and mineral salts up the plant
      - Phloem(FOOD)
        
        living cells
        
        elongated and tube like
        
        thin walls made of cellulose
        
        are narrow and contain protoplasm
        
        transport dissolved food throught the plant
- - - - striated muscles(voluntary)
        
        striped: light and drack bands
        
        long and cylindrical
        
        many nuclei
        
        present in bundles
        
        attached to the skeleton
        
        help in movement of arms and legs
        
        under our control
      - Involuntary muscles
        
        spindle shaped
        
        nucleus at center
        
        NOT under our control
        
        along walls of internal organs
        
        no stripes and very smooth
        
        A.K.A smooth tissues
      - Cardiac Muscles
        
        striated but are involuntary
        
        present in the walls of the heart only
        
        single nucleus in one cell
        
        branched
        
        capable of rhythmic contraction and relaxation
  - - - Cell body
        
        A.K.A cyton
        
        Consists of a mass of cytoplasm enclosed by a plasma membrane with central nucleus
      - Axon
        
        Thin, elongated and extends away from cyton
        
        Can send impulses over short and long distances
        
        Meylin sheath = insulating covering
        Allows transmission of impulses effeciantly
      - Dendrites
        
        Brach out from the cyton
        
        Receive signals from axon terminals and other neurons
- - - - Dermal
        
        Epidermis
        
        dermal denticles
      - Ground
        
        Parenchyma
        
        Chlorenchyma
        
        Allenchyma
        
        Sclerenchyma
        
        Sclerids
        
        Fibers
        
        Collenchyma
    - - Xylem
        
        Trachids
        
        Vessels
      - Phloem