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Pigmentation Lesions, Resources: General and Oral Pathology for the Dental…

- - - - Method of Transmission: N/A
        
        Characteristics: Generalized darker pigmented areas in the alveolar, palatal, vestibule, and lips. (black to brown staining) Teeth may also exhibit a blue-gray color due to the medication
        
        Dental Implications: Minocycline is perscribe for skin conditions over months or years causing to affect the teeth and oral mucosa. Patients may request bleaching and cosmetic dental procedures, depending on the severity
        
        Tx and Prognosis: No tx is needed. Only discontinuation the medication when possible to diminish future staining. Prognosis is good once medication is discontinued.
  - - - Method of Transmission: NOT contagious
        
        Characteristics: Light brown pigmentation occurs in the labial gingva. The distribution of the pigmentation is associated with the amount of tobacco use and physiologic component of the individual. Heat & chemicals are factors inaccentuated papillae.
        
        Dental Implications: Follow up with patients is crucial and patient should be educated about oral cancer and taught to do an oral cancer self-screening examination. Smoking cessation.
        
        Tx and Prognosis: Smoking Cessation and discontinuance of tobacco products. The prognosis is excellent once the patent stops using tobacco products.
- - - - Method of Transmission: N/A
        
        Characteristics: Pigmented color of the lesion when compared with normal mucosal skin tones found on the palatal and buccal regions. Lesion may be elevated and should be recorded in a 3-D documentation
        
        Dental Implications: Closely monitor and must be treated rapidly and totally removed through a biopsy
        
        Tx and Prognosis: Biopsy
  - - - Method of Transmission: N/A
        
        Characteristics: Single or multiple lesions that are pigmented, flat, and well delineated and are brown, deep blue/black or black
        
        Dental Implications: When changes occur such as an increased growth or size, there could be a suspicious lesion.
        
        Tx and Prognosis: No tx unless a biopsy is indicated. Prognosis is excellent and is followed by monitoring after diagnosis through documentation and photographs
- - - - Method of Transmission: N/A
        
        Characteristics: Oral pigmentaion may range from brown to black to dark blue. Lesions do not blanch due to melanin production.
        
        Dental Implications: Some patients complain about pigmentation because they are noticeable on the gingiva, perioral tissues, or tongue. Patients may want to have the pigmented area removed for esthetic reasons
        
        Tx and Prognosis: No tx is required. Follow up should be performed only when changes have occurred that would require further examination. Prognosis is excellent.
- - - - Method of Transmission: N/A
        
        Characteristics: Remain within the areas that have previously been treated or in open wounds. Appear as gray to blue/black found on the gingiva or adjacent to a placed amalgam. Opaque fragments of metal are apparent in radiographs where an amalgam tattoo is suspected
        
        Dental Implications: The cause of any pigmented are should be determined to rule out serious pathology such as melanoma. Clinician should document location and description of tattoo and confirm cause.
        
        Tx and Prognosis: No tx is required and the prognosis is excellent.
- - - - Method of transmission: N/A
        
        Characteristics: Dark brown pigmentation often seen on the buccal mucosa, lips, hard & soft palate, gingiva, floor of mouth, and tongue. Nail pigmentation
        
        Dental Implications: Pigmentation may occur suddenly and the patient may be apprehensive about the case. Proper recognition is crucial.
        
        Tx and Prognosis: Syndrome is benign. Cosmetic concerns are voiced, laser surgery is performed. Patient should be counseled to wear sunscreen daily
- - - - Method of Transmission: N/A
        
        Characteristics: Most common affect areas are the hard palate and maxillary gingiva. Usually brown, red, black, and even bluish- color, slightly raised with irregular borders. Rapid growth, exophytic or ulcerative, and asymmetry
        
        Dental Implications: Deadly lesion that should be recognized and removed in its earliest stage. May be confused with other pigmented lesions that are begin and pain is not a feature.
        
        Tx and Prognosis: Excision with wide margins, chemotherapy, and radiation may be necessary.Poor prognosis compared to other melanomas becuase of the tendency to metastasize.