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femoral artery - Coggle Diagram

- - - - may indicate partial occlusion of the
        -common iliac artery
      - may also indicate
        -aortic coarctation
        
        a congenital condition
        which causes narrowing of
        a segment of the aorta
  - - - is a common intervention used in
        coronary heart disease
        which involves cannulation of the femoral artery
    - - Imaging of the arteries
        -is a common intervention involving the
        femoral artery
  - - - -can lead to femoral artery occlusion
    - - -can cause intermittent claudication of the calf
        
        a cramp like pain of the calf
        exacerbated by movement
        & relieved by rest
    - - pharmacological intervention
        
        -with aspirin
        
        -& exercise programme
      - angioplasty
        
        can be performed
        but carries a small risk of thrombosis or embolization
        -which can result in a loss of the leg
- - - - 1.superficial epigastric artery
        
        course
        
        originates abt 1cm below the inguinal ligament
        
        then course superiorly, traverses the cribriform fascia & passes anterior to the middle segment of the inguinal ligament
        
        after crossing the inguinal ligament, it continues to
        course through the subcutaneous tissue of the
        anterior abdominal wall towards the unbilicus
        
        terminates at the umbilical region by anastomosing with its contraleteral counterpart &
        with the ipsilateral inferior epigastric artery
        
        supply
        
        the superficial inguinal lymph nodes,
        
        subcutaneous tissue
        
        & skin of the inguinal region
        
        & anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus
      - superficial circumflex iliac artery
        
        couse
        
        originates
        inferior to the inguinal ligament.
        • It courses superolaterally over the lateral
        aspect of the ilium and traverses the fascia lata
        to appear in the inguinal region.
        • It runs inferior to the inguinal ligament towards
        the superior iliac spine, accompanied by the
        same-named vein.
        The artery terminates by creating anastomotic
        connections with the deep circumflex iliac,
        superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral
        arteries at the level of the upper half of the ilium.
        
        supplies
        
        the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
        
        subcutaneous tissue
        
        & skin of the inguinal region inferior to the
        inguinal ligament
      - 3.superficial external pudendal artery
        
        course
        
        arises near the superficial epigastric and superficial
        circumflex iliac arteries.
        
        It travels through the cribiform fascia before
        crossing the spermatic cord deep to the long
        saphenous vein.
        
        branches
        
        supplies:
        
        the lower abdominal skin
        
        penile,scrotal/labial skin
      - 4.deep external pudendal artery
        
        course
        
        crosses the
        pectineus and adductor longus muscles before
        traversing the fascia lata.
        
        supplies
        
        the skin of the perineum
        
        the skin of the scrotum/ labium majus.
      - 5.profunda femoris
        /deep femeoral artery
        
        course
        
        originates from the
        posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery.
        • It courses inferiorly, parallel to its parent artery
        and then passes deep to it, towards the medial
        aspect of the femur.
        • It travels between the pectineus and adductor
        longus muscles, and then passes between the
        adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles.
        
        The deep femoral artery then continues its
        course between the adductor longus and
        adductor magnus muscles, pierces the adductor
        magnus and ends by anastomosing with the
        muscular branches of the popliteal artery.
        
        branches
        
        1.lateral circumflex artery
        
        course
        
        It courses laterally, wrapping around the proximal femur.
        • It terminates on the anterior aspect of the
        proximal femur by dividing into three branches
        
        ascending
        
        transverse and
        
        & descending branches.
        
        • These branches provide supply for the proximal
        aspect of the femur, quadriceps femoris muscle
        and the adjacent portion of the skin of the thigh.
        
        medial femoral circumflex artery
        
        it runs
        medially and posteriorly, initially passing
        between the tendon of iliopsoas muscle and the
        pectineus muscle.
        • It then continues its course around the neck of
        the femur while passing between the obturator
        externus and adductor brevis muscles.
        • Upon reaching the superior margin of the
        adductor magnus muscle, the medial circumflex
        femoral artery terminates by dividing into two
        branches.
        
        The ascending branch
        
        runs superiorly across the
        tendon of the obturator externus muscle.
        It terminates in the trochanteric fossa by
        anastomosing with the
        -inferior gluteal artery
        -& lateral circumflex femoral artery.
        
        The descending branch
        
        courses between the
        -quadratus femoris
        -& adductor magnus muscles.
        It provides small muscular branches
        that supply the muscles of the
        -posterior compartment of the thigh.
        
        The transverse branch
        
        contributes to the
        formation of the cruciate anastomosis.
        
        The acetabular branch
        
        enters the hip joint
        along with the acetabular branch of the
        obturator artery to supply
        -the femoral head
        -& other structures at the hip joint.
        It gives off the
        -foveolar artery (medial epiphyseal artery).
        
        The deep branch
        
        runs superiorly towards the
        intertrochanteric crest to the head of the femur.
        
        The superficial branch
        
        courses between the
        pectineus and adductor longus muscles.
        
        perforating femoral arteries
        
        pierce the
        proximal part of the adductor magnus muscle to
        appear in the flexor compartment of the thigh.
        • The upper three perforators are considered as
        the 'true' collateral branches
        of the deep femoral artery,
        while the fourth perforator is
        considered as
        the terminal branch of the deep femoral artery.
        • These four arteries collectively supply the
        muscles of the posterior thigh.
  - - - descending genicular artery
        
        is the most distal branch of the femoral artery, which arises just proximal to the
        adductor opening within the adductor canal.
        • It descends within the vastus medialis muscle to
        the medial aspect of the knee.
        • Here, it anastomoses with the
        medial superior genicular artery.
        
        Branches of this artery supply the
        
        vastus medialis
        
        adductor magnus muscles
        
        & the proximomedial skin of the thigh.