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Gardeners – climate change - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Theoretical
        
        We are ill-equipped to deal with many problems of future
        
        Even best theories face basic and severe difficulties addressing basic issues.
        
        Ex. Scientific uncertainty, intergenerational equity, contingent persons, non-human animals, nature
        
        Climate change involves all of these matters and more
        
        When these difficulties converge with each other and with global and intergenerational storm,
        
        They encourage a new and distinct problem for ethical action on climate change - the problem of moral corruption
      - Rises out of same three characteristics from global storm
        
        Dispersion of causes and effects,
        
        Temporal fragmentation of agency
        
        Maybe worse than spatial fragmentation
        
        Spatial can become unified and act as a single agent, but temporarily fragmented agents can't be unified and can only act as a single agent
        
        Presence on investing in the future (backloading) and delaying action (deferral) together brings new collective action problem - badds the tragedy of Commons – makes matters worse
        
        Prob: when one relaxes/relies on assumption that countries represent interest on present and future citizens
        
        Suppose countries or only interested in present citizens where they invest in cheap energy
        
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        Prisoner's dilemma - we imagine where generations don't overlap – pure intergenerational problem (PIP)
        
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        Climate change is a lagged phenomenon from over time
        
        Basic mechanisms buy greenhouse effect take long time to be realized – ex. sea level rise, CO2 staying in atmosphere a long time
        
        Not practical to remove CO2 from atmosphere or moderate climatic effects not easily reversible
        
        Stabilizing and reducing CO2 requires advance planning
        
        Changes we're experiencing now is because of past, not current
        
        Current emissions will not be realized until future
        
        Temporal dispersion creates problems
        
        Resilience of climate change - delays in action have serious consequences on our ability to manage the problem
        
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        Global storm emerges from a spatial reading of these characteristics
        
        More serious problem: when we see them from a temporal perspective - the intergenerational storm
    - - Dispersion of causes and effects
        
        Fragmentation of agency
        
        Institutional inadequacy
        
        The appropriate means for resolving common problems under favorable conditions is for parties to AGREE TO CHANGE the existing structure THROUGH the introduction of a system of enforceable sanctions
        
        This transforms the decision situation by ruling out the option of anyone free riding, so that the COLLECTIVE rational action also becomes INDIVIDUALLY rational
        
        Saying it is simple but action is different and harder
        
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        CC not caused by single agent, but by vast # of individuals and institutions not UNIFIED by structure of agency
        
        Imp bcuz poses challenge to humanity's ability to respond
        
        Spatial: arising out of shape from international
        
        Problem: no world government – no centralized system of global governance/no effective one at least. Very difficult to coordinate an effective response to global climate change
        
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        Emissions of greenhouse gases from any location on Earth's surface travel to upper atmosphere
        
        Plays role in affecting climate GLOBALLY
        
        Impact is not just at initial source
        
        Impacts also dispersed to other actors and regions of Earth
        
        Spatial dispersion widely discussed
      - Same manifest in 2 salient dimension
        
        Spatial
        
        Temporal
  - - - The features and climate problem hose obstacles to our ability to make hard choices necessary to address it
        
        Consequence difficult ethical questions can be answered, but may be found difficult to act
        
        Storm makes us vulnerable to moral corruption
      - Analogy from Sebastian junger's book on true story of Andrea Gail
        
        Fishing vessel caught a sea during three bad storms
    - - Climate change raises issues in physical and Life sciences, political science, economics, psychology, etc
        
        Ethics play fundamental rule
        
        If we DIDN'T think actions are open to moral assessment, various interests matter (our own, others, future people, animals, nature)
        
        Then we wouldn't see climate change as a problem
        
        But once we see the problem, we SEEM to need some account of MORAL RESPONSIBILITY, MORALLY IMP INTERESTS, and what to do about Both
        
        In main policy decisions
        
        Ex: Global ceiling for greenhouse gas emissions
        
        How to distribute the emissions
        
        How interest of current generation are weighed against of future generations
        
        Depends on various beliefs about appropriate role of energy consumption in people's lives, importance of historical responsibility for problem, and current needs and future aspirations of particular societies
        
        Concerns process of making climate policy
        
        MORAL CORRUPTION
        
        Distraction, complacency, and reasonable doubt, selective attention, delusion, pandering, false witness, hypocrisy
        
        Selective attention
        
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