The Periodic Table Organization 
Overview
Classification of elements.
In order of proton number.
Arrangement shows periodicity.
Classifications
Groups
Periods
Metals and Non-metals
Patterns and Trends
Hydrogen
columns from 0 to VII.
rows from 0 to 7.
the number represents how many electron shells the atom in the row has.
elements in a group have similar properties.
the numbers represents how many outer shells there are in the atom (except group 0).
80% of elements are metals.
the red elements are metals, blue ones are nonmetals and yellow ones are metalloids. (Picture to the right).
are used to predict how an element in a group will behave.
Example: As you go down Group I, elements become more reactive.Vice versa for Group VII.
sits alone.
it has 1 outer electron, like Group I metals but it's a gas and non-metal.
Artificial elements
created in a lab .
radioactive and toms break down quickly.
Examples: lawrencium, neptunium, etc.
Group I: alkali metals
lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium.
Physical properties
good conductors of heat and electriciy.
softer and lighter than other metals.
low density.
low boiling and melting points.
Trends
As you go down the table...
softness increases.
density inreases.
melting point decreases.
Chemical properties: reactions
With water
With chlorine
With oxygen
violent and vigorous reactions giving hydrogen and a hydroxide.
heating this elements and plunging them into jars of chlorine, creates flames.
the flames form bright chlorides.
heating this elements and plunging them into jars of oxygen, creates flames.
flames burn fiercely to form oxides.
reactivity increases.
this elements react simliarly because they have the same number of outer shell electrons. .
they are the most reactive metals because they need to lose an electron to gain a stable outer shell.
form ionic compounds, in which the metalion has a +1 charge.
Group VII: halogens
Physical properties
non-metals.
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
form coloured gases .
poisonous.
form diatonic molecules.
Trends
As you go down the table..
color gets deeper.
density increases.
boiling points increase.
Chemical properties: reactions
Trend: as you go down Group VII, reactivity decreases.
this elements react similar because they all have 7 outer shell electrons.
they are really reactive because they need 1 electron to reach a stable outer shell.
With Metals
Accept electrons, forming halide ions.
With non-metals
Share electrons, forming molecules with covalent bonds.
With halides
will displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of its halide.
Group 0: noble gases
Physical properties
helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.
non-metals.
colourless gases.
occur naturally in the air.
monatomic: single atoms.
Trends
As you go down the table...
the atom increases in size and mass.
density increases.
boiling points increase.
Chemical properties
Unreactive
reason they are called "noble".
because the atoms already have stable outer shells.
Uses
Helium: fill balloons and aircrafts.
Argon: to provide inner an atmosphere.
Ex: protect metals that are being welded.
Neon: to light up signs.
Krypton: in lasers
Xenon: gives a blue toned light
Transition elements
a block of 30 elements that lay in the middle of the table.
Physical properties
metals.
strong, tough and hard.
malleable (hammered into shapes) and ductible (drawn out into wires).
high melting points.
good conductors of heat and electricity.
high density.
Chemical properties
Less reactive than Group I metals.
No trends in reactivity.
Most form coloured compounds.
Most can form ions with different charges.
Can form more than 1 compund with other elements.
Most can form complex ions.
Uses
In bridges, buildings, and cars.
Making alloys.
Conductors of heat and electricity: radiation, electric wiring.
Act as catalysts.
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By: Josefina Cornejo