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UT Pathogens 2 - Coggle Diagram
UT Pathogens 2
Actinobaculum suis
Clinical signs
Abortion and sudden death
Pale; polyuric, polydipsic; haematuric
Petechiation / ecchymosis
Sepsis - petechial haemorrhages
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Bladder
Mucopurulent urine
Mutlifocal haemorrhage
Distention from pus
Kidneys ; ureters
Pathogenesis
Porcine cystitis pyelonephritis complex
Commensals of preputial mucosa - boars
Transmission during mating
Opportunistic infection
Alkaline urine (pH >8-9)
Oestrous
Injury to UGT
Gram+ve pleiomorphic small rods, strict anaerobe
Virulence factors
Pili; urease; UT adaptation
Diagnosis + treatment / prevention
Cull carriers
Chronically infected
Sanitation; space; water +salt consumption - urine stagnation
Injectable penicillin
Corynebacterium
C. renale
Endogeonous
Mucous membranes of UT - ruminants
Pathogenesis
Bovine pyelonephritis
Ascending infection
Near parturition / late gestation
Mechanical interference of urine flow
Cystitis --> ureteritis --> pyelonephritis
Chronic cases - poor prognosis
Diagnosis + treatment
Rectal palpation
Kidney inflammation
Urine sample
Mid stream free catch
Culture (48hrs) + antimicrobial susceptibility
Antibiotics - penicillin or TMS
Prolonged therapy (3 weeks)
Early treatment
Balanoposthitis "Pizzle rot"
Dietary causes
Subterranean clover
High protein legume
Excessive urea production
Oestrogenic cultivars
Prepucial swelling
Urine pooling
Dietary restrictions
Legume; protein reduction
Urease production
Preputial ulcerative dermatitis
Urinary obstruction
Uraemia / toxaemia
Flystrike complications
Treatment
Systemic penicillin
Testosterone therapy
Local topical therapy
Antimicrobial ointment / copper sulphate solution
C. urealyticum
Pathogenesis
Encrusting cystitis
Hyperammonuria
Urine alkalinisation
Struvite crystallisation
Strong tropism - uroepithelial cells
Embed in bladder mucosa
Calcification
Ascending infection
Pyelonephritis ; encrusting peylitis
Treatment
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Beta-lactamase
Fluoroquinalone
Virulence factors
Pili
Attachment to urine
Urease
Alkalinisation of urine
Converts urea --> ammonia
Mucosal inflammation
Decreased complement
Decreased antibacterial defences
Evades phagolysosome
Free moving in cytoplasm
Cell damage