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Chapter 5: The Lipids Part II, Linolenic Acid and the Omega-3 Family,…
Chapter 5: The Lipids Part II
Linolenic Acid and the Omega-3 Family
Normal growth
Visual acuity
Cognitive development
Prevention and treatment of heart disease
Structure and function of cells
Fatty Acid Deficiencies
Growth retardation
Reproductive failure
Skin lesions
Kidney and liver disorders
Subtle neurological and visual problems
Fat
Layer of fat
Natural shock absorbers
Insulates the body from extremes of temperatures
Structural material for cell membranes
Participate in cell signaling pathways
Lipid Metabolism
After meal
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Hydrolizes triglycerides
Release Fatty acids into the cells
Energy
Storing fat as fat
Using fat for energy
Cells of the adipose tissue
Unlimited capacity of body´s fat stores
Adipokines
Regulates energy balance
Influence several body functions
Store triglycerides
Essential Fatty Acids
Body can´t produce
Must be supplied by the diet
Ex: linoleic and linolenic acid
Conditionally essential nutrient
Nonessentail nutrient that must be supplied by the diet in special circumstances
Ex: arachidonic acid
Deficiency of linoleic acid
Eicosanoids
Substances produced by
Omega-3
Anti-inflamatory effect
Prevent blood clot formation
Reduce blood pressure
Protect against irregular heartbeats
Omega-6
Pro-inflammatory effect
Promote blood formation
Blood vessel constriction
"hormonelike"
Differences from hormones
Affect only cells in which they are made/nearby cells
May have different effects on different cells
High LDL cholesterol
Accumulates in the arteries
High blood pressure
Risk of cardiovascular disease
Saturated fats
Triglycerides
Provides the cells with energy
Nonadipose cells
Fat accumulation
Toxic and health problems
Blood lipid profile
Concentrations of various lipids in the blood (triglycerides and cholesterol)
Dietary fat
Promote cancer (may)
Saturated fat
Daily energy intake of fat
20-35%
Change saturated fats to unsaturated fats
Low blood cholesterol
Low risk of heart disease
Omega 3
Protect against some types of cancer
Lipids in the Body
Linoleic Acid and the Omega-6 Family
Recommended Intakes of Saturated Fat, Trans Fats, and Cholesterol
Health Efects and Recommended Intakes of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats