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BIRTH TERM, Dental problems, Group A Members : Nisa Lidiya Binti Helmi…

- - - - Below 16 years old
      - More than 35 years old
    - - Low health service utilization
      - Stressful life circumstances
      - Physical and psychological harmful activities
    - - Multiple birth
      - Short time period between pregnancies (Short spacing)
      - Infection such as urinary tract infection, amniotic membrane infection, vaginal infection
      - Placenta previa
      - Premature rupture of amniotic sac
    - - Smoking
      - Drug abuse
      - Alcohol consumption
    - - Synthetic chemicals
      - Lead and environmental tobacco smoke
      - Air pollutants ( sulfur dioxide)
      - Drinking water pollutants ( nitrate & arsenic)
  - - - Breathing problem
        
        Due to immature respiratory system
        
        Develop respiratory stress syndrome and lung disorder (bronchopulmonary dysplasia)
      - Heart Problems
        
        Hypertension & Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
      - Brain problems
        
        Risk of bleeding in brain (intraventricular haemorrhage)
        
        Some cause larger brain bleeding - permanent brain injury
      - Temperature & control problem
        
        loss of body heat - inefficient storage of body fat
        
        cause hypothermia
      - Gastrointestinal problem
        
        Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) - injury to cell wall in bowel
      - Blood Problems
        
        Anaemia ( not enough red blood cell)
        
        New-born jaundice ( excessive bilirubin in blood)
      - Hypoglycaemia
      - Prone to infection
        
        Due to weak immune system & low antibodies
      - Kidney problem
        
        Problems to balance body fluid & waste few days after birth
    - - Cerebral Palsy
        
        A disorder from brain damage which causes motor deficiency
      - Vision problems
        
        Develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) - unfully development of retina
      - Hearing problems
      - Behavioral & psychological problem
        
        Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) & Attention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
      - Chronic health problems
        
        Asthma
        
        Risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
      - Impaired cognitive function
        
        Intellectual & brain development disabilities - cause learning disabilites
  - - - Infants who is born 28- 32 weeks of gestational age (World Health Organization)
    - - Infants who is born 32 - 37 weeks of gestational age (World Health Organization)
    - - Infants who is born less than 28 weeks of gestational age (World Health Organization)
- - - - High family income
        
        Inappropriate weight gain
        
        Chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus & hypertension
        
        Sedentary lifestyle
      - Marital status (e.g. unmarried, widowed, divorced, single mother)
        
        Do heavy & risky activity
        
        Inappropriate weight gain
        
        Associated chronic disease
        
        Stressful life
      - Obese/ overweight mothers
      - Pregnancy related problem
        
        Nulliparity ( Woman that never give birth)
        
        Past history of prolonged pregnancy
        
        Anencephaly
        
        Central nervous system abnormalities
        
        Sulfatase deficiency in placenta
        
        Family history (both parents)
      - Advanced age mother ( > 35 years old)
  - - - Asphyxia
        
        Baby's brain do not receive enough oxygen before, during after birth
        
        Prolonged oxygen deprivation - cause cerebral palsy
      - Meconium aspiration syndrome
        
        Baby breath in fluid contains meconium & amniotic fluid -cause lack of oxygen
        
        Cause brain damage, persistant pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) if not treated
      - Pneumonia
      - Epilepsy / seizure
        
        Risk of early epilepsy
        
        Cause brain damage if not treated early
      - Hypoglycaemia
        
        Low blood sugar due to low glucose stored
    - - Long Term
        
        Early metabolic syndrome
        
        Increase uric acid concentrations
        
        Less favourable lipid profile
        
        Overweight / obese
        
        Increase body fat & abdominal adiposity
        
        Reduce insulin sensitivity, increase insulin secretion & reduce glucose-mediated glucose uptake
        
        Cerebral palsy
        
        Most common in preterm than postterm
        
        Inability to use muscle
        
        Behavioral & emotional problems
        
        Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood