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UT Pathogens 1 (Bacterial) - Coggle Diagram
UT Pathogens 1 (Bacterial)
Enterobacteriaceae
E.coli (non-enteric)
Most common microbe for UT cystitis
Commensal of lower GIT + lower UT
Endogenous infections
Significant host compromise
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
Pathogenesis
Virulent factors
Fimbriae / adhesins
Attach to uroepithelium
Flagella
Motility - ascension
Haemolysins
Cell damage
Neutrophils; uroepithelium; RBCs
Endotoxins (Gram-ve) ; Fe+ acquisition
Avoid phagocytosis
Capsule
Intracellular survival
Proteus
Transient in GIT
Environmental contaminant
Gram -ve; oxidase -ve; non-lactose fermentor
Virulence factors
Swarming motility
Peritrichous flagella
Urease
Urine alkalinisation (8)
Uroepithelium damage
Calculi formation (urolith)
urea --> ammonia
Pathogenesis
UT infections (dogs + horses)
Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Prostatitis
Wound infections
Otitis externa (dogs)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Normal GIT flora
Gram -ve, oxidase -ve rod; lactose fermenter
Virulence factors
Capsule
Binding to uroepithelium
Fimbriae; endotoxin; haemolysin; Fe acquisition
Extended spectrum beta lactamase
Susceptibility testing
Pathogenesis
Cystitis
Neonatal septicaemia (omphalitis)
Failure of passive transfer
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram -ve rods ; oligate aerobes; oxidase positive
Transitionary
Ubiquitous in moist environments
Virulence factors
Exotoxins
Tissue damage
Bacteriocins
Kill competiting bacteria
Highly motile; Pili adhesion
Multi-drug resistance
Susceptibility testing
Pathogenesis
Cystitis
Chronic infections with underlying cause
Host compromise
Endomtertitis; corneal ulcer (horse)
Gram +ve cocci
Streptococcus spp.
Pathogenesis
Cystitis
S. canis; S. viridans
Less common than staphylococcus
Enterococcus spp.
Normal GIT flora
Saprophytes
Resilient in environment
Viable in bladder
Endogenous opportunistic infections
Pathogenesis
Systemic infections
Bacteriamia
Endocarditis
Localised infections
Genitourinary tract disease
Cystitis
Host compromise
Prior antimicrobial therapy
Treatment
Correct underlying condition
Initiate host elimination
Appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Other agents of polymicrobial infection
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Multi-drug resistance
Public significance
Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE)
Compromised human patients
Antimicrobial use in animal production
Virulence factors (low)
Capsule; cytolysin; peptidoglycan; lipoteichoic acids
Superoxide
Mild inflammation
Adhesin
Adherence to uroepithelium
Decreased brush border enzymes activity
Staphylococcus spp.
Pathogenesis
Cystitis
Coagulaase -ve
S. epidermidis ; S. saprophyticus
S. pseudintermedius (dogs)
S. felis (cats)
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of renal parenchyma and pelvis
Secondary to struvite crystals / calculi
Urease