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First Peloponnesian War 460-446 - Coggle Diagram
First Peloponnesian War 460-446
Causes
The Athenians denounced the treaty of alliance with Sparta and instead allied with Argos and Thessaly - two of Sparta's rivals
Megarians seceded from Peloponnesian League and allied with Athens which provided them with a buffer against a land attack due to its location
in 458 the Athenians build the Long Walls to Piraeus and Phaleron to ensure access to ports and to defend themselves. The Spartans were uneasy about this.
Athens wanted to expand its territory and Sparta wanted to dismantle the Athenian regime
Thucydides reports that in the mid 460s, Sparta decided to invade Attica, but was stopped by an earthquake which triggered a revolt among the helots.
The Spartans couldn't quell the revolt so called on all their allies, including Athens who sent 4,000 men
The presence of the Athenians insulted the Spartans, who dismissed them - a great insult
Tanagra 457
the first battle of the war where the Athenians and the Spartans fought directly against one another
the Spartans won but it was short-lived as the Athenians returned to Boeotia and won a victory over the local peoples
Now the Athenians controlled the greatest extent of land they ever would
Campaign in Persia 454
The delian league sent troops to Persian-controlled Egypt in support of a Libyan prince to potentially get a foothold in Egypt
They campaigned there for six years before the persians routed them in 454
Athenians lost most of their fleet and withdrew
Five Year Truce 451
Athenians made a five year truce with Peloponnesians in 451
This allowed the Athenians to launch a successful campaign on Cyprus
This success forced the Persians into proposing a peace treaty to the Athenians:
Peace of Callias was a supposed Peace Treaty between the Delian League and the Persian Empire
The end + after
In 446 BC, Boeotia revolted and defeated the Athenians at Coronea and regained their independence
Once the Peloponnesians had retreated, Pericles regained Euboea
The war ended in an agreement between Sparta and Athens, solidified by the Thirty Years' Peace of 446, in which both sides maintained the main parts of their empires
Megara returned to the Peloponnesian League