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Sleep and mental wellbeing - Coggle Diagram
Sleep and mental wellbeing
sleep and emotion regulation
link
sleep-deprivation - decreased functional connectivity between amygdala and mPFC
decreased capacity
after sleep deprivation - amplified mesolimbic pathways but decreased pathways in medial frontal and orbitofrontal regions
regulation of sleep
homeostatic process
duration of sleep
accumulation of adenosine during wakefulness
circadian process
timing of sleep
internal pacemaker
external cues - Zeitgebers
basic states
REM
release of aminergic neurotransmitters is inhibited through GABA and galanin
but acetylcholine, orexin is released
nonREM
aminergic, cholinergic neurotransmitters and orexin are inhibited through release of GABA and galanin from ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)
waking
excitatory neurotransmitters are released (noradrenaline, serotonin, histamine, acetylcholine, orexin)
release of inhibitory neurotransmitters is suppressed (GABA, galanin)
emotional regulation
cognitive control "cold" functions
inhibition
cognitive flexibility
working memory
response selection
reasoning
interactions between regions of PFC and subcortical areas
structures in dlPFC, ACC and parietal that are particularly sensitive to sleep deprivation
processes of emotion "hot" functions
regulating strong emotional arousal
amplified reactivity to both positive and negative stimuli
mood
temporary but sustained. and pervasive affective state
sleep and emotion regulation - an organized review
sleep and emotional regulation in the process model of emotion regulation
(not) emotion generation - modal model of emotion
emotion-eliciting stimulus - attention - appraisal - generating an emotional response
emotion regulation - process model of emotion
attentional deployment
cognitive change
situation modification
response modulation
situation selection
sleep architecture and physiology - neurobiology of sleep and emotion regulation
REM
theories of emotional memory
or: REM sleep to reinforce salience of emotional events
'sleep to remember (declarative component) by activation of the same emotion-related areas), sleep to forget (affective tone) by inhibition of aminergic nts
inhibition of aminergic neurotransmitters (norephrenine, serotonin)
activation of emotion-related brain regions (amygdala, hippocampus)
NREM 1-3
sleep x emotion regulation organized by the process model
attentional deployment
sleep loss leads to failure to use attentional strategies to regulate emotional responses
impairs attention to emotional information - increase salience of negative, threatening information - might reflect an adaptive response in the face of sleep loss, however might become maladaptive when excessively experienced and in non-threatening situations
cognitive change
mechanisms of reappraisal and cognitive control, mediated by activation in PFC
situation modification
sleep deprivation - impaired decision making and poor impulsive control - giving rise to maladaptive modification strategies
response modulation
expressive suppression
not clear: global emotional expressiveness to emotional stimuli might be decreased after sleep loss, but modulation of these expressions might be more resistant
situation selection
sleep loss alters behaviour in that likelihood of situating oneself in positive emotional contents decreases
extended model
selection of regulation strategy
no research
implementation of the strategy
diminished cognitive flexibility after sleep deprivation
less ability to incorporate learning from past mistakes into implementation process
identification of an emotion
requires emotional awareness (of own emotions), which is facilitated by good sleep
emotional goals (how you want to feel) and match to what is actually felt is better after good sleep
sleep x emotion generation
sleep deprivation - greater negative and fewer positive emotions, alterations in emotional responding, decrease in positive affect, increased negative affect/mood
sleep attenuates / enhances affective tone of appraisal? - sleep to remember, sleep to forget theories
sleep and emotional memory
emotional memory encoding
sleep and emotion processing
emotional reactivity
mixed / contrasting findings about the role of sleep on emotional memory
sleep deprivation seems to result in a negative bias towards emotional stimuli
empathy
sleep deprivation has negative effects on ability to understand other's feelings
fear conditioning
threat generalisation
extinction memory
emotional memory
emotional memory encoding impaired after sleep deprivation (not after selective REM deprivation)
consolidation
effects of sleep
whether differential effect for emotional (negative) stimuli compared to neutral is controversial
sleep is essential for memory consolidation
sleep deprivation
negatively affects recognition of both neutral and emotional stimuli
differential effect of sleep on emotional memory consolidation not demonstrated
facial emotional cues recognition
inconclusive
mixed findings, but sleep might promote the appropriate recognition of salient stimul (including threatening) and therby supporting discriminating fear and safety relevant information and an appropriate reaction to those
alterations in emotional brain networks - e.g. fronto-limbic system du to sleep deprivation
REM
fear extinction memory
consolidation of threatening stimuli
however, very mixed findings
conclusions
enhancement of negative affective tone the next day after sleep deprivation
negative memories are more resistant to sleep loss - salience / importance
REM sleep as sleep stage where emotional processing / consolidation happens?functional and neurochemical changes during REM seem to support this notion