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SEPARATION TECHNIQUES, Solution - Coggle Diagram
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
6 Separation Methods
filtration
- used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
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crystallisation
- used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid
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evaporation
- used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid
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distillation
simple distillation
- used to obtain a solvent from a solution
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fractional distillation
- used to separate a mixture of liquids from each other
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paper chromatography
- used to separate different dyes in an ink / substance
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2 types of substances
pure subtances
- has no other substance mixed in it
impure substances
- has two or more substances mixed in it
checking for impurities
- impure substances have melting and boiling points that fall and rise
- impure substances melt and boil over a range of temperatures (not sharply)
- pure substances will have a sharp/definite melting and boiling point (check for melting and boiling point) (different for each substance)
- the more impurity the bigger the change in melting and boiling points
- the more impurity the wider the temperature range over which melting and boiling occur
3 components
Solvent
- substance in which the solute is dissolved
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Solute
- substance that is dissolved in the solvent
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Solution
- consists of a solute and solvent
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