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Vesiculobullous Lesions - Coggle Diagram
Vesiculobullous Lesions
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Herpangina;
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transmission; highly contagious, spread by infected saliva.
characterisitics; light gray papillary vesicles that rupture to form discrete shallow ulcers. they can have an erythematous border and limited to the posterior oral cavity.
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Implications; spread through saliva transmission so it is recommended to avoid tx until further notice.
Varicella (chicken pox):
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Transmission: unvaccinated persons susceptible. can be spread from person to person contact, airborne and vesicle fluid secretions. contagious within 2 days before rash appearance.
Characteristics; red and very itchy rash that spreads quickly throughout the body and is followed by eruption of papules that form vesicles and pustules.
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Hand foot and mouth;
Etiology; mildly contagious, caused by many coxackie A and B viruses.
Transmission; contact with contaminated surfaces, person to person contact and the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
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Characteristics: small ulcerative lesions in the mouth, hands and feet.
Allergic reactions:
Etiology: allergy is a hypersensitive response of the immune system to a substance found in the environment (pollen, mold). This can get more serious quick with different exposure to allergens.
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Characteristics: can be immediate or delayed. They can cause tissue damage if repeated exposure to the allergen continues.
Implications: this can be a quick reaction to a dental material so be careful and read through medhx carefully.
Tx.; antihistamine, epinephrine, topical steroids and withdrawal of the causative allergen
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Localized anaphylaxis:
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Tx: epinephrine 1;1,000 administered immediately. always target elimination of the causative allergen. This can lead to difficulty breathing, unconsciousness and even death.
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Etiology: can be caused from ingestion of foods such as shellfish, peanuts, chocolate etc.
Characteristics: produces vasodilation and increases permeability of blood vessels, tissue swelling and pruritus. Wheals, urticaria and hives can be present.
Allergic Stomatits:
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Characteristics: can vary, the moth can have a dry, glistening, red area. focal white areas can be adjacent. can have ulcers with red inflammatory borders that can be painful and burn.
Implications: topical drugs can cause this sensation. be sure to avoid these and inform the patient to do the same.
Angioedema:
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Tx/Prognosis: can last 24-36 hours. antihistamine and corticosteroid can help bring the swelling down.
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Characteristics: sensations of warmth, tenseness and itchiness. swelling of the eyes, lips and tongue.
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Contact stomatitis:
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Transmission; is not transmissible but can spread throughout the mouth from topicals, toothpastes and mouth rinses.
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characterisitics; Red, fiery ulcers that are painful and burning-like.
Implications; This can become painful so neglected oral hygiene care is possible. Metals can cause this as well, if patient is wearing a denture or has metal restorations; this can be one of the causes.
Plasma Cell Gingivitis:
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Characteristics; Fiery red gingiva, lips and commissures. this can turn into chelitis.
Implications; neglected oral hygiene can be possible due to redness and bleeding. inflammation of the gingiva can make it hard for the patient to clean properly.
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Erythema mulitforme;
Etiology; caused by hypersensitivity to a drug, microbe or other allergen.
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Tx/prognosis; oral antihistamines and anesthetic (for pain), topical steroids and nutritional therapy.
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Steven-Johnson Syndrome:
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characterisitcs; painful weeping bullae, ulcerative and hemmorahagic lesions of the lips and denuded areas of the oral mucosa. This is VERY painful and can prevent patients from eating.
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implications; This is SUPER painful, leading to patients having a hard time taking care of their oral cavity
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Pemphigus Vulgaris;
etiology; caused by autoantibody destruction of the adhesion proteins of the epithelium that composes the desmosome.
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Tx/prognosis; corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents, early detection enhances the treatment and prognosis.
implications; this can be painful making it hard for patients to brush. They more than likely have to be on a soft food diet due to the pain. normal cleaning habits can be difficult for them.
Characteristics; whitish superficial covering bullae, sloughing like tissue, bad odor, hemmorhagic lip crusts and severe pain.
Pemphigoid
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Tx/prognosis; topical corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents or tetracycline with niacinamide.
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characteristics; ulcers that are symmetric, Curvilinear and surrounded by a red boarder. can be bright red and have a burning sensation.
CITED SOURCE:
Langlais, R, Miller, C., & Gehrig, J. (2017). Color Atlas of Common Oral
Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer.
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