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HISTORY CHILDREN MSK PODIATRY, based on powerpoint presentation by…
HISTORY
CHILDREN
MSK PODIATRY
ONTOGENY
development from
embryo - adult
Infinite
combinations
Genetic
Epigenetic
Congenital
Nutrition
Environmental
Immunization
Psychological
Sociological
Trauma
Neurological
Endocrine
Infective
Stages
Germinal, embryonic Wk 1 - 8 prenatal
Foetal Wk 9 - 40 prenatal
Neonate 1 month postnatal
Infancy 2 - 12 months
Childhood
early 1 - 6 yrs
late 6 - 10 yrs
Pre-pubertal 10 - 12 yrs
Puberty 12 - 14 yrs
Adolescence 14 - 18 yrs
Adult 18+ yrs
GENETICS
Two
male
:male_sign:
Gametes have
22 Autosomes
1 Sex chromosome
FUSION
pairs
recessive dominance battle
copy material
female
:female_sign:
Transfer of information -
copying can produce errors
Duplication
extra chromosome, whole (Trisomy) or partial
e.g.
Down's syndrome
collagen differences
6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus
7q11.23 duplicator syndrome
Deletions
e.g.
missing chromosome, whole (Monosomy) or partial
e.g.
Turner's syndrome
DMD
SMA
Cri du chat
Williams syndrome
Translocation
e.g.
Ewings sarcoma
leukaemia
intellectual disability
congenital abnormality
Expansion
e.g.
CMT
Fragile X
De Novo Mutations
sporadic diseases
more deleterious
higher rate in genetic diseases
mutation load correlates with parental age
Syndrome Malformations
Whole chromosomes (aneuploidy)
Down's syndrome
Interstitial chromosome deletions
DiGeorge (22q11)
Single gene defects
Marfans syndrome
DEVELOPEMENT
PRENATAL
Gestation
3 periods of 13 wks approx
1st Trimester
day one =
last menstrual cycle
to 12 wks
2nd Trimester
1st day wk 13
to wk 28
3rd Trimester
wk 29 - wk 40 (considered full term)
Tetratogens
Be aware of drugs
medical & recreational
Critical Periods
CVS & NS form 1st
lower limb forms at same period
congenital abnormalities may be linked
Physiological periods
embryonic 0 - 8 wks
foetal 8 wks - term
BIRTH
Is
an event in
a child's development
History
should include:-
gestation info
birth weight
special care APGAR
intensive care
interventions:
forceps
vacuum
Cerebral Palsy
2.1 in 1000 live births
80% antenatal
10% post natal
Be aware
of risk factors
History Taking
5 domains
Cognitive
learning
& problem solving
Social & Emotion
able to:
interact with others
self control
self help skills
Speech & Language
communication
Fine Motor Skills
cutlery
pens
Gross Motor Skills
sitting
crawling
walking
jumping
hopping
based on powerpoint presentation
by Matthew Hill
& Nina Davies 2019
XY
XX
