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HISTORY -the study of the past - Coggle Diagram

- - - - CHANGES
        
        better sanitation
        -better transport
      - Life expectancy 27 years
      - CLASSES
        
        Middle
        -houses in the suburbs
        
        women enjoying shopping
        
        women sought and education
        
        Working class
        
        No school
        
        High crime slums
        
        cramped houses
        
        Aristocrats
        -large country houses
        -waited on by servants
        -dominated government
    - - Women
        
        cheap to employ
      - CHILD LABOUR
        
        physical punishment
        -poor/low pay
        -Long hours
        -no food
        -No education
        -Small-fit in to machines
        -Easy jobs
        
        CONCEPTS
        
        PERSPECTIVE
        
        The position from which they see and understand events going on in the world around them.
        People have different points of view about particular events, historical figures, civilisations or artefacts depending on their age, gender, social position and their beliefs and values.
        For example: the period from 1750 to 1914 was a time when European powers competed with each other to expand their territories. From the perspective of most Europeans at the time, they saw it as right and duty to bring European culture and belief systems to the 'backward' societies they colonised. From the perspective of Indigenous populations, the arrival of Europeans was seen as an invasion of their lands.
        
        CAUSE AND EFFECT
        
        Cause and effect aim to identify, examine and analyse the reasons why events have occurred and the resulting consequences and outcomes.
        This is used by historians to identify chains of events and developments, both in the short term and in the long term.
        For example: Edward Hargreaves found gold near Bathurst in New South Wales in 1851, it was the first gold to be found in the region. Which quickly triggered the first Australian gold rush. The chance to be rich was irresistible for thousands of people who flocked to the goldfields in New South Wales and Victoria. In the 10 years after the first discovery of gold (cause), the population of Australia more than doubled from 405 400 to 1 145 600 (effect).
        
        EMPATHY
        
        This concept helps us to understand the impact of past events on particular individuals or groups. Which includes an appreciation of the circumstances they faced and the motivations, values and attitudes behind their actions.
        The ability to 'walk in someone else's shoes' - to be aware of and sensitive to their feelings, thoughts and experiences.
        For example: The beginning of the 18th century the slave trade was well establish in many parts of the world. About 12 million African people may have been shipped to the Americas as slaves. Slave ships were extremely crowded and conditions were inhumane; a long journey in the dark with no ventilation, kept chained, were given no medical assistance if they fell ill. From a modern perspective this treatment to human beings is viewed as barbaric and wrong, for those slaves who suffered cruel treatment its empathised from the modern perspective.
        
        SIGNIFICANCE
        
        Relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past.
        Includes people, events, developments, discoveries, movements and historical sites.
        History is full of so many important events, significant people and interesting places. As we cannot study all the ongoing history, judgements are made about there worth of importance, their effect to the people at the time, and how widespread plus long-lasting were its effects.
        For example: The French Revolution has been said to have laid the groundwork for the birth of the modern world across Europe. The demand for a governement, ended up with the king being executed, along with many members of the artctrocacy. Political and scoial ideas of the French Revolution went on to inspre many other developments around the world such as:
        
        introduction of the seperation of powers
        
        creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
        the Citizen
        
        Democratisation of rule in different countries across
        Europe anf the establishment of many representative
        democracies
        
        CONTESTABILITY
        
        The concept relates to explanations or interpretations of past events that are open to debate. Around the world historians have access to very different sources. Artefacts include; jewellery and weapons which may have been damaged or artworks may be incomplete. Also written records may contain errors, or might have been changed after they were written, some could have even be destroyed. Which can lead to draw different conclusions. Even historians studying the same source can also come into different conclusions. There is often no right answer, and historians are always seeking a more complete understanding of the past.
        For example: The invention of the telephone revolutionised the way in which people communicated all around the world. The inventor Alexander Graham Bell has long been credited with inventing the telephone. Other inventors at the time were working on the same inventions, among them were Antonio Meucci, Innocenzo and Thomas Edison. Many historians credit these inventors with the development. It is difficult to prove who was the first because many of the electronic components that would eventually become part of the telephone were being developed separately around the world by many different people at the same time.
        
        CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
        
        Historians refer to aspects of the past that have remained the same over time as continuities. Aspects of the past that do not stay the same are referred to as changes. Change can occur within a certain civilisation or specific time period, but also across different civilisations and time periods. Many aspects of history influence how we act and live today,
        For example: During the Industrial Revolution, a number of companies began producing products that have now become household named all around the world. This brand is Coca-Cola, a syrupy carbonated cola drink made to a secret recipe. The Coca-Cola logo has been used in a distinctly recognisable since 1885. This is an example of historical continuity.
        
        EVIDENCE
        
        The information gathered from historical sources. Evidence can come from many different sources; for example, interviews and accounts from people who lived at the time, letters, diaries, films, maps, newspaper, buildings, paintings, photographs, song lyrics, nursery rhymes, clothing, photographs and even cartoons. What we do with these sources is we can make an educated guess (hypothesis) and then look for evidence to support it.
        Evidence can be gathered from two types of sources:
        
        Primary sources: objects created or written at the time being investigated, for example during at an event or very soon after. Examples of primary sources include official documents, such as laws and treaties; personal documents, such as diaries and letters; photographs or films; and documentaries.
        
        Secondary source: accounts about the past that were created after the time being investigated and which often use or refer to primary sources and present a particular interpretation. Examples of secondary sources include writings of historians, encyclopaedia entries, documentaries, history textbooks, films, illustrations, reconstructions and websites.
        
        CHANGES
        -Rights
        -Complex jobs & machines
- - - - Europe's leading nations grouped themselves into two alliances. The alliances over time became more formal and legally blinding.These two alliance are:
        
        The Triple Alliance was formed in 1882 between the countries of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
        
        The Triple Entente was formed in 1907
        between the countries Britain, France
        and Russia.
      - If joining an alliance, each participating nation promised to provide military support if one of its members was attacked by a member of an opposing alliance.
        
        One of the main goals of the alliance system was actually to prevent the outbreak of war.
        
        The alliance system over time increased tension between Triple Alliance and Triple Entente countries.
    - - Imperialism is a policy by which a country increases its power by gaining control over new territories to create an empire. Which is usually carried out for financial and strategic reasons.
        
        Main rivals in the race for new colonies in Africa were Britain, France and Germany. During this time Britain had the largest empire, with colonies and dominions all over the world.
    - - Nationalism is a sense of pride in, and a love of, one's nation.
        
        Nationalism grows out of an understanding of common goals and beliefs between the people of a nation. For example- a shared language, culture and history.
        
        Also nationalism can either unite or divide the people of a nation or region. For example, feelings of nationalism contributed to the unification of many small German kingdom states to form the German Empire in 1871.
  - - - An agreement between two sides to stop fighting
        
        The treaty dealt with Germany, and was signed on the 28th June, 1919
        
        Greated formal peace between Germany and the Triple Entente
        
        Purpose was to punish Germany and weaken the army so they couldn't start a war.
      - Germany's Terms:
        
        withdraw troops
        
        surrender military
        
        release prisoners of war
        
        pay reparations (repay the costs of the war)
      - Armistice (ceasefire)
        
        On the 11th September, 1918 Germany signed the Armistice to mark the end of the war to end all wars
        
        The Armistice required the fighting to end that day, on the 11th hour, of the 11th dat, of the 11th month.
        
        Ceasefire to last for 30 days and was official in the treaty