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5/21/20 SIM benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - Coggle Diagram
5/21/20 SIM benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo happens on the positions of the head. Symptoms can include dizziness, a sense that your surroundings are moving or spinning, unsteadiness, nausea, and vomiting. A vestibular labyrinth is a tiny organ in the ear. The semicircular canals have hairlike sensors that sense the position of your head. The Otolith organ is what monitors the movement of the head and the head position due to gravity. The Otolith organ is what carries crystals that make you responsive to gravity. If those crystals become displaced and if they move into the semicircular canals the result would make you feel dizzy.
Medical interventions
Repostional therapy
Vestibular rehabilitation
audiologist
Nursing interventions
assess general status of patient to determine clients condition
Monitor vital signs if anything changes from the patients norm
Keep room organized to prevent injury
Encourage patient safety: To rise up slowly when getting out of bed or sitting up from chair
Take time to do daily tasks
Pertinent assessment findings
Orthostatic blood pressure measurement
Nystagmus assessment
Pulse oximeter levels
Medication
An antihistamine, such as the prescription medicine meclizine (sample brand name: Antivert), or nonprescription medicines like dimenhydrinate (sample brand name: Dramamine) or diphenhydramine (sample brand name: Benadryl). These medicines are commonly used to treat or prevent motion sickness.
Prescription antinausea medicines, such as ondansetron (sample brand name: Zofran), promethazine (sample brand name: Phenergan), or metoclopramide (sample brand name: Reglan).
Prescription sedative medicines, such as diazepam (sample brand name: Valium), lorazepam (sample brand name: Ativan), or clonazepam (sample brand name: Klonopin). These medicines are commonly used to treat anxiety, but can also help relieve vertigo
Nursing considerations
Provide materials for injury prevention
Head position maneuvers. A technique called canalith repositioning (or Epley maneuver) usually helps resolve benign paroxysmal positional vertigo more quickly than simply waiting for your dizziness to go away. It can be done by your doctor, an audiologist or a physical therapist and involves maneuvering the position of your head. It's usually effective after one or two treatments. Before undergoing this procedure, tell your care provider if you have a neck or back condition, a detached retina, or blood vessel problems.
Balance therapy. Patient may learn specific exercises to help make your balance system less sensitive to motion. This physical therapy technique is called vestibular rehabilitation. It is used for people with dizziness from inner ear conditions such as vestibular neuritis.
Patient education
Keep all areas well lit. This helps your eyes send the right signals to the brain. It also makes you less likely to trip and fall. If bright lights make symptoms worse, dim the lights or lie in a dark room until the dizziness passes. Then turn the lights back to their normal level.
To reduce your risk of falling:
Get out of bed or up from a chair slowly.
Wear low-heeled shoes that fit properly and have slip-resistant soles.
Remove throw rugs. Clear clutter from walkways.
Use handrails on stairs. Have handrails installed or adjusted if needed.
Install grab bars in the bathroom. Don't use towel racks for balance.
Use a shower stool. Also put adhesive strips in the shower or on the tub floor.
Bring a cane or walking aid if needed.
Give yourself plenty of time in case you start to get dizzy.
Ask your healthcare provider what type of exercise is safe for your condition.
Be patient. If an activity such as walking through a crowded shop causes you stress, you may not be ready for it yet.