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Pasteurellosis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - haemorrhagic to fibrinous/purulent/fibrinopurulent
        
        diffused necrosuppurative fibrinous pneumonia
        
        deposition of thick fibropurulent exudate
        
        moderate to severe pleural thickening
        
        fibrin capsule deposition on lungs and adhesions with chest wall
        
        Microscopic
        
        3 more items...
        
        marked consolidation with red hepatisation
        
        multifocal to diffuse haemorrhage
        
        marked haemorrhages in subcapsular area
        
        abundant erythrocytes in alveoli
      - mild congestion
  - - - meningitis: congestion, diffuse infiltration of heterophils and minimal oedema
        
        bacterial emboli were seen in blood vessels
        
        hyperemia of blood vessel and edema
        
        neuronal degeneration
  - - - petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages
        
        submucosal oedema, severe congestion and infiltration or inflammatory cells in mucosa and submucosa.
        
        desquamation
    - - mucosal necrosis
        
        erosion/ulcer
      - increased numbers of goblet cells in respiratory epithelium with submucosal congestion.
  - - - Congestion
        
        necrosis of hepatocytes at the centre with infiltration of mononuclear cells and fibrosis
        
        diffuse hydropic degeneration and cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes, marked congestion of blood vessels
  - - - hemorrhages, engorged blood vessels
- - - - enhance colonization
  - - - capsule consist of hyaluronic acid which also present in host tissues
  - - - released by activated macrophages and/or recruited heterophils
        
        endothelial inflammatory response affecting capillaries and post-capillary venules
        
        Injured blood vessels wall and/or diapedesis
        
        necrosis of blood vessels walls
        
        alveolar oedema and haemorrhages
        
        damage to endothelial cells through activation of complement, coagulation cascades and production of prostaglandin #
      - IL-1 promote endothelial cells synthesis and express tissue factor which activate coagulation and fibrin formation #
      - release of oxygen radicals and lysosomal proteases from neutrophils can cause microvascular injury
        
        Aggregation of platelet in microvessel
      - Macrophage release platelet activating factors
  - - - nasal turbinate atrophy in rabbits
      - pneumonia, pleuritis, lymphoid atrophy, and possibly osteoclastic bone resorption
- - - - spreads to contiguous tissues (paranasal sinuses, nasolacrimal duct and conjunctiva, eustachian tube and middle ears, trachea, bronchi, and lungs)
        
        thickening of alveolar septa
        
        swelling of capillary lining cells
        
        inﬁltration of inﬂammatory cells in the lungs
      - Hematogenous spread also accounts for infection that reaches the middle ears, lungs, and internal organs.
      - attach to and invade epithelial cells
        
        causing deciliation of ciliated cells and hyperplasia of goblet cells of nasal mucosa
        
        Ciliastasis
        
        increase mucus & decrease ciliary clearance of the mucus
    - - immunodeﬁciency and stress