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Theories of speech perception, image - Coggle Diagram
Theories of speech perception
Motor theory
Listeners mimic speaker’s articulatory movements
However, damage to motor system does not impair speech perception
Hickok et al. (2008)
Deactivated entire left hemisphere, including motor system using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Participants unable to speak, but could still perceive speech
Non-motor areas more important than motor areas for speech perception?
Activation of motor systems when speech signal degraded (Osnes et al., 2011)
TMS to motor areas facilitated word recognition in the presence of noise (D’Ausilio et al., 2011)
TRACE model
Network model where bottom-up and top-down processes interact
Consists of processing units (or nodes)
Feature nodes connect to phoneme nodes
Phoneme nodes connect to work nodes
Connections between nodes operate both bottom-up and top-down (faciliatory)
Connection within a node at the same level (inhibitory)
Each square is a node, which inhibit nodes at the same level and work bottom-up and top-down
Cohort model
Similar to TRACE model, but focuses more on bottom-up processes
Three separate stages
Access
All words (or cohort) conforming to sound sequence activated
Selection
Words eliminated when they cease to match further information
Integration
All remaining words eliminated and chosen word integrated in sentence
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields
Causes electric current at a specific brain area
Disrupt information processing in a brain region, generating “virtual lesion”
Can also enhance function of brain region
