Signal Timing Manual
Chapter 3
Basic Concepts
Multi-modal
pedestrians
bicycles
passenger cars
trucks
emergency vehicles
transit
Cycle length
fixed
undefined
Tradional - Adaptive / ITS
Coordinate - Free
Chapter 7
System / Coordinated Timing
Concepts
Offsets
Splits
fixed / variant cycle length
Traditional
dominant
Advanced
cycle/split/offset
bandwidth / green wave
Geometry
distance
<= 0.5 miles ----> coordinate
> 0.5 miles
need to coordinate?
benefit or not?
volumes
potential for platoons
= 1 mile
if the variation is minimal, the coordination is appropriate
Usual Methods
Time-Space Diagram
Manually / Software
Master / Local Clocks ----> Set Offsets
time in cycle length ---> fixed cycle
Bandwidth
Ideal case
Detector failure may limit the effect
programmed stop
Better bandwidth may increase the fuel consumption and delay of minor road traffic
Phase sequence
Leading-Lagging
Parameters
coordinate phases
usually minimum green
Cycle Length
guaranteed green ---> for the purpose of coordinate
*(optional) actuated ---> 7.5.2
usually has same length
double length --> half of the length
Splits
force-off
floating: give unused time to coordinate phase
fixed: re-allocate depending on the requirement (detector, not only for coordinate phase)
Parameter Design
Cycle length - Manual
alternate system
progression speed
single: every pair has half-cycle offset
double: every three has half-cycle offset
triple: from middle minor road, narrow bandwidth
Cycle - critical intersection
Webster's method
Cycle - network
software
toolkits
Transition
early back to green
Advanced System
actuating coordinate phase ---> chapter 7
Dynamic phase length:
require detector / estimation of demand
*phase re-service
traffic responsive plan
need predefined plan
a set of, but not comprehensive
field data
ASCT
Detection / perception
coordination algorithm
Communication: V2I V2V
Oversaturated Condition
approach spillback
Methods
Objectives
Range
single
arterial
network
Maximum Throughput
Manage Queue
Both
Adaptive Signal Control ---> for all ranges
Arterial: offsets
Single:
- Green Extension
- Phase Re-servicen
- Phase Truncation
Arterial:
- Phase sequence modification
- Preemption Flushing
- Timing plan flushing
Single:
- Split reallocation
- Cycle increasing
- Close intersection coordination
The vision is for a work that covers the fundamentals of the area, makes the needed conceptual connections and builds on current challenges to project future issues in transportation globally. The aim of the work is to become the go to reference for authoritative definitions and concepts; a source for students, researchers and policy makers to build their understanding of transportation and finding connections to support their further research.
fundamentals of the area
project future issues in transportation globally
builds on current challenges to project future issues in transportation globally
makes the needed conceptual connections
reference for authoritative definitions and concepts
Cover Range
build their understanding of transportation
finding connections to support their further research
Aim to
Existing Tools
SYNCHRO 9
PASSER II
TRANSYT-7F
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/40799%28213%2976
Comparison of PASSER V, Synchro, and TRANSYT-7F for Arterial Signal Timing Based on CORSIM Simulation
Listed several existing literature, classified by centralized/decentralized
"Distributed coordinated signal timing optimization in connected transportation networks"
• Coordinated Pre-timed Signal Control
MAXBAND
AM-Band: An Asymmetrical Multi-Band model for arterial traffic signal coordination
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0968090X15001552?token=4FAF7DBD2955F9D0E820C891F7AC1214B44933FB702D53B55140BAD5C5365E499AB44C5457D705FACE6B9EC82F744542
cons -> multi-band
AM-Band: An Asymmetrical Multi-Band model for arterial traffic signal coordination
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0968090X15001552?token=4FAF7DBD2955F9D0E820C891F7AC1214B44933FB702D53B55140BAD5C5365E499AB44C5457D705FACE6B9EC82F744542
MULTI-BAND