Signal Timing Manual

Chapter 3
Basic Concepts

Multi-modal

pedestrians

bicycles

passenger cars

trucks

emergency vehicles

transit

Cycle length

fixed

undefined

Tradional - Adaptive / ITS

Coordinate - Free

Chapter 7
System / Coordinated Timing

Concepts

Offsets

Splits

fixed / variant cycle length

Traditional

dominant

Advanced

cycle/split/offset

bandwidth / green wave

Geometry

distance

<= 0.5 miles ----> coordinate

> 0.5 miles
need to coordinate?
benefit or not?

volumes

potential for platoons

= 1 mile
if the variation is minimal, the coordination is appropriate

Usual Methods

Time-Space Diagram

Manually / Software

Master / Local Clocks ----> Set Offsets

time in cycle length ---> fixed cycle

Bandwidth

Ideal case

Detector failure may limit the effect

programmed stop

Better bandwidth may increase the fuel consumption and delay of minor road traffic

Phase sequence

Leading-Lagging

Parameters

coordinate phases


usually minimum green

Cycle Length

guaranteed green ---> for the purpose of coordinate

*(optional) actuated ---> 7.5.2

usually has same length

double length --> half of the length

Splits

force-off

floating: give unused time to coordinate phase

fixed: re-allocate depending on the requirement (detector, not only for coordinate phase)

Parameter Design

Cycle length - Manual

alternate system

progression speed

single: every pair has half-cycle offset

double: every three has half-cycle offset

triple: from middle minor road, narrow bandwidth

Cycle - critical intersection

Webster's method

Cycle - network

software

toolkits

Transition

early back to green

Advanced System

actuating coordinate phase ---> chapter 7

Dynamic phase length:
require detector / estimation of demand

*phase re-service

traffic responsive plan

need predefined plan

a set of, but not comprehensive

field data

ASCT

Detection / perception

coordination algorithm

Communication: V2I V2V

Oversaturated Condition

approach spillback

Methods

Objectives

Range

single

arterial

network

Maximum Throughput

Manage Queue

Both

Adaptive Signal Control ---> for all ranges

Arterial: offsets

Single:

  1. Green Extension
  2. Phase Re-servicen
  3. Phase Truncation

Arterial:

  1. Phase sequence modification
  2. Preemption Flushing
  3. Timing plan flushing

Single:

  1. Split reallocation
  2. Cycle increasing
  3. Close intersection coordination

The vision is for a work that covers the fundamentals of the area, makes the needed conceptual connections and builds on current challenges to project future issues in transportation globally. The aim of the work is to become the go to reference for authoritative definitions and concepts; a source for students, researchers and policy makers to build their understanding of transportation and finding connections to support their further research.

fundamentals of the area

project future issues in transportation globally

builds on current challenges to project future issues in transportation globally

makes the needed conceptual connections

reference for authoritative definitions and concepts

Cover Range

build their understanding of transportation

finding connections to support their further research

Aim to

Existing Tools

SYNCHRO 9

PASSER II

TRANSYT-7F

https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/40799%28213%2976
Comparison of PASSER V, Synchro, and TRANSYT-7F for Arterial Signal Timing Based on CORSIM Simulation

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X17301298?casa_token=kH5sg4M2vX4AAAAA:9PZh3Do7RjIpXrVRy-lGeNV-ikAqiATzXareJYgwuJ3rCWxlPfYMwWchTrj_o10VTSZpNHXN#b0035


Listed several existing literature, classified by centralized/decentralized


"Distributed coordinated signal timing optimization in connected transportation networks"

• Coordinated Pre-timed Signal Control

MAXBAND

cons -> multi-band

MULTI-BAND