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The Cold War_Teshale_Yesake - Coggle Diagram
The Cold War_Teshale_Yesake
Rivalry, Mistrust and Accord
The breakdown of the grand alliance
fear and aggression
The United States feared Soviet expansion. Stalin’s Comintern of 1947 Signaled Soviet control over Eastern Europe.
The Soviet’s feared attack from Germany.
The United States Marshall plan(1948) passed a policy of containment against communism. It allowed the use of the U.S military against the spread of communism. This was seen as a clear sign of aggression against the Soviet.
economic interests
The United States economy was booming after WW2 and so was Russia’s. The United States wanted the new world to be capitalist and have free trade with the U.S. The spread of communist would harm this possibility.
role of ideology;
The U.S did not want communism to spread to the rest of the world. Seeing them self as the “big brother” of the world, the U.S promised for the “defense of the free world against communist subversion and coercion'” in the Truman 1947 Doctrine. The U.S viewed communism as a suppressive form of government and goes against the U.S democratic ideology.
Communism at its purest is an international ideology and main goal is to unite the entire world. The U.S.S.R wants to make Europe communist following their Marxist ideology.
The US, USSR and China-superpower relations (1947-1962)
Containment was a U.S policy in the 1940’s. It was a policy against the spread of communism. Under the policy of containment and The Marshall plan, the United States would allow communism to exist wherever it already exists but the U.S would activity participate in stopping it to spreading to other free countries.
Peaceful Co-existence; Co-existence meant abandoning the Leninist ideology of inevitable war between capitalist and communist. Co-existence accepts the existence of these two ideologies and believe they can both exist in peace
Leaders and Nations
Truman (April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953)
had a huge role in the start of the Cold War. His anti-Soviet “Truman doctrine ” of 1947 and speech is seen to be the start of the Cold War. His doctrine dramatically raised tension between the Soviet and U.S.A. His policy influenced America's policy during the entire duration of the Cold War. His National Security Act of 1947, established the department of defense. This was part of his strategy of the fight against communism.
Khrushchev
Khrushchev was the premier from 1958 to 1964. He led the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Khrushchev tried to follow a policy of peaceful co-existence with the west. Meaning he did not want to be the aggressor against the west. His co-existence policy was vastly different from the Leninist ideology of inevitable war. Furthermore, Khrushchev abandoned diplomatic talks with the U.S after an American spy plane was caught flying on Soviet air in (1960). Khrushchev was responsible for the Cuban crisis when he planned nuclear weapons facing the United States. This was the highest tension during the Cold War.
Cold war impact
Cuba
America cut off all trade with Cuba after Fidel Castvo gained power. Castvo was able to leverage the tensions between the U.S and Soviet to benefit him and help defend his country against the U.S. The U.S tried to overthrow Castroin the bay of pigs of 1961. With this clear act of aggression, Castro teamed up with Khrushchev. Cuba was better able to make up for the U.S trading embargo with trades from the Soviet. The Soviet placed nuclear Missiles in Cuba. This almost caused an air strike and invasion of Cuba from the U.S.
Germany
During the Cold War, Germany was split. Eastern Germany was controlled by the Soviet. The Berlin wall was built as a response to the mass migration of East Germans to West Germany. Families and friends were split by the Berlin Wall. Many Germans died trying to cross the border. Furthermore Germany was occupied with both western and Soviet troops.
Cold War Crises
Cuban missile crisis
In return for Soviets help /protection against the United States the soviet placed missile in Cuba. The soviets claimed the missile are defensiveness since there are american missiles facing Soviet in Italy and turkey.
CIA analysts spotted the nukes in Cuba on October 15.
naval quarantine of Cuba was placed bt the U.S. The Soviet viewed this as an Act of War.
On October 28, Khrushchev agreed to remove soviet missiles from Cuba if America removes it's missiles in Italy and Turkey
Second Berlin Crisis 1958-62
Khrushchev delivered a failed ultimatum that demanded Western Powers leave West Berlin permanently
Many East Germans were fleeing to West Germany. This was embarrassing to the Soviet Union and was seen as the failure of communism. Thus Khrushchev order the building of a wall in Berlin in 1961. This broke many families apart
A standoff between the U.S and Soviet troops at the checkpoints led to one of the highest tension point of the war