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(6) Acquiring Knowledge for L2 Use; (7) L2 Teaching and Learning - Coggle…
(6) Acquiring Knowledge for L2 Use; (7) L2 Teaching and Learning
Communicative Competence:
Knowledge about the language itself and how to use it appropriately in different contexts
Curricula
for L2 learning should be
differentiated
according to the relevant
goals of learning
Interpersonal Competence
(face-to-face social interactions)
Speaking (Productive/Oral)
Reading (Receptive/Written)
Listening (Receptive/Oral)
Writing (Productive/Written)
Vocabulary
Academic Competence
: to learn about other subjects or as a tool for scholarly research or as a medium in a specific professional field)
Listening
Writing
Reading
Speaking
Vocabulary
No one "best" way to teach L2
Psychological
HOW
do L2 learners come to know what they know? Learning Processes (Behaviorism, Information Processing, Competition Model) and Individual differences (aptitude, motivation, age, learning styles)
Audiolingual
Method (Behaviorism): Listen and repeat drills
View L1 as competing w/L2:
move Ss away from L1 reliance (monolingual dictionaries, use gestures, L2 only means of communication)
Rely on L1 as means of communication:
explicit grammar instruction and presenting info about culture and history to homogeneous L1 group or instructor lacks proficiency or Ss only need L2 for reading
Information Processing:
memorizing results in automatization which frees up cognitive resources so new linguistic items can be learned
Social
WHY**
are some L2 learners more successful? Macro ( language power and prestige, group identify and boundaries issues, institutional foces, and constraints & circumstances of learning) and Micro (input and interaction w/ L2 community)
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Content Based Instruction
and
English for Specific Purposes:
used in upper level language courses; primary goal is to teach L2 thru interesting content (e.g. American sitcoms in English)
Content and Language Integrated (CLIL):
Teaching of domain specific content is primary goal in L2 (e.g. teaching math in English to Spanish speaking students)
English Medium Instruction (EMI)
: College level subject specific course taught in a foreign language (Thai speaker taking a course in International Trade in English at a university in Thailand) but little opportunity to usage or learn language
Internet:
U-Tube lessons, self correcting quizzes, video chat; provides opportunity to interact with L2 speakers without immersion; facilitated autonomous learning
Ss engaged w/ media want to master
slang
in L2 but standard version taught in most classes
Linguistic
WHAT
does the L2 learner come to know? A system of knowledge about language: recurrent elements; encoding: means for using L2; multiple L systems; Communicative competence
Grammar Translation
Method (taught vocabulary (translated) and rules in L1)
Chomskyan's
Transformative Drills
(transform statement to negative to Y/N question and so on)
Krashen's Monitor Model:
Providing comprehensible input and lowering affective filter creates ideal conditions for Sla (abandoned grammar)
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT):
allows for creative production of language rather than repeating or mimicking; fluency over accuracy
General Guidelines
Adapt learning/teaching procedures to learner's goals, individual learning style, strengths, limitations, and learning context
Integrate theories from multiple disciplines (linguistic, social, psychological) when teaching. No one "best" teaching method.
Be patient. Learning a language takes time