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The Cold War - Coggle Diagram
The Cold War
Rivalry, Mistrust, and Accord
The breakdown of the grand alliance and the emergence of superpower rivalry in Europe and Asia (1943-1949)
role of ideology
Again, the division between Capitalism and Communism. The West believed in voting and choosing a government among many political parties and supported individual rights and liberal democracy.
The USSR believed in socialism and the one-party policy, the Communist Party that would represent the views of all workers. They believed that individual freedoms were not necessary.
fear and aggression From the Iron Curtain Speech to the The Truman Doctrine to the Marshall Plan to the "Two Camps" doctrine to the Berlin Crisis. The US and USSR were involved in a act of aggression towards each other and the attempt at intimidating each other. The USSR's presence in Eastern Europe was unnerving to the US as communism spread throughout the east which led to Truman declaring the US would help any state resisting communism. The Marshall Plan then was perceived as a political scheme by the Soviet Union to pressurize European states on an economic standpoint to exploit them in the future.
economic interests
The US followed capitalism and their economic interests lied in encouraged competition with little state interference and the people can make as much money as they wish (work hard=individual rewards)
The USSR believed that capitalism creates divisions between rich + poor so all business and farms should be state owned. The state would distribute goods and everyone worked for the collective well-being.
a compassion of the roles of the US and USSR The USSR believed in spreading Communism to guide Eastern European away from the exploiting west. At the same time, the US (big brother) had an obligation for protecting countries from the 'evil' of communism.
The US, USSR and China-superpower relations (1947-1962)
Containment
under Eisenhower (1950s)a new policy of containment was developed called "New Look" where the US looked to prevent the extension of Soviet communism outside of the areas it had already established itself. They hoped that without the opportunity to expand, communism would collapse in itself. It was put into practice through SEATO, encircling the USSR, assisting South Korea, using CIA for covert operations and brinkmanship. The US also practices containment on China (less successful).
Peaceful Co-existence
Co-existence was Soviet foreign policy under Khrushchev where he hoped that capitalism and communism should accept the continuing existence of each other rather than using force to destroy each other. (he also thought capitalism would eventually fail)
Sino-Soviet and Sino-US relations
Sino-Soviet relations basically deteriorated by the1960s after being hostile for so long. After Khrushchev's destalinization speech, in 1956, Mao sees Khrushchev go against Stalin and takes it as a personal attack on his own leadership and sees the USSR as going back on communism. Mao's concerns and mistrust deepen as diplomatic relations were servered in 1961.
Sino-US relations weren't great either as they were in against each other during the Korean war (1950). They clashed ideologically anyways and China went into isolation, having cut ties with the USSR and the US.
Leaders and Nations
The impact of two leaders, each chosen from a different region, on the course and development of the Cold War
Americas (Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Castro)
Under Truman, the Truman Doctrine was created which stated that the US would help any state trying to resist communism.
Under Eisenhower, the "New Look" policy was created (he detested the USSR) where containment of communism was taking place in Europe and Asia.
Kennedy was the one who had moved towards thawing relations and gotten the closest to USSR but had an nuclear arms race with the USSR with the Cuban Missile Crisis and brought dignitiy for the US.
Asia (Mao)
Mao had cut ties with the Soviet Union especially after seeing their unwillingness to challenge the US during the Cuban Missile Crisis and they started to develop nuclear weapons independently.
Europe (Stalin, Khrushchev)
Stalin had a ruthless policy where he strictly controlled everything in the USSR and followed communism to the extreme. He worked with the US during WW2 but was hostile after his expansion into Eastern Europe and created the "Two Camps" doctrine. He was the one who created satellite states as a buffer against the west.
Khrushchev was different from Stalin in that he was less intense and against Stalin's ways for he removed the secret police after his death. Khrushchev attempted at reconciling relations with the west with President Kennedy and that was the closest they had ever gotten. Khrushchev regarded Kennedy as easily manipulated but his October letters deemed them closer when Cold War relations began to thaw.
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Cold War Crises
Cold War crises case studies: detailed study of any two Cold War crises from different regions: examination and comparison of the causes, impact and significance of the two crises.
Americas (Cuban Missile Crisis) The Soviet Union had stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba without the knowledge of the US pointing at them. This alarmed the US and they placed a blockade around Cuba preventing Soviet contact with Cuba. Khrushchev sent a telegram to Kennedy asking them to not invade Cuba (response of Bay of Pigs and the later bombing in Cuba) for the removal of the missiles. Missiles in Turkey had been place facing the USSR but that was solved secretly.
Europe (First and Second Berlin Crises) The First Berlin crisis (1948-49) was the blockade where The USSR blocked Western Allies's access to the Western sector of Berlin. The West organized the Berlin Airlift that supplied the people of West Berlin with the use of air force, it was eventually lifted.
The Second Berlin Crisis (1958) happened because of the immense immigration of people from East Berlin (controlled by socialism) to West Berlin (capitalism). This angered Ulbricht and Khrushchev was pressured to propose an ultimatum for the West to demilitarize Berlin. Kennedy didn't concede and the closure of East German Border on Berlin resulted in the creation of the Berlin Wall in 1961. The West didn't fight back.