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IPM - internal parasites of grazing animals "Wormkill" / "…
IPM - internal parasites of grazing animals "Wormkill" / "Drenchplan"
Effective drench usage
Vaccines
Prevent egg production
Anthelmintics
Grazing + Flock management
Reduce pasture contamination
Spelling over hotter dryer conditions (Summer)
Reduce ingested eggs in optimal conditions
Larvae reduction
Spring use: 5-6 mo spelling ; Summer / autumn use: 3 mo
Drench --> hold --> move to prepared pasture
Reduce digesta
Improve drench uptake
Hatching of immature flukes
Quarantine and check egg count before introducing stock
Consider susceptible (at-risk) stock
Let older hosts "clean up" pasture
Higher HR
Grazing with other species
Reduce maturing process
Merino weaners, pregnant ewes, calves
Cull susceptibles
Reduce host contact with parasites
Cropping, forage (hay) , bushfires
No host
Keep pasture tall, strip grazing
Non-grazing rest period
Rotational grazing
Ahead of PPP
Block access to IHs eg. water snails in waterways
Genetics - breeding for resistance
Heritability of FWEC = 0.3
Salivary IgA titre
Slow process
Multiple generations
Nutrition
Post-partum rise
Post lambing and lactating ewes
Offset by protein supplements > energy
Boosted immunity
Drench ewes 1 month prior to lambing
Drench efficacy testing
Long acting (persistent) drenches
Sample egg count before ERP
Egg reappearance period (ERP) = drench persistence period + PPP
95% reduction in Egg count
Every 2 years
Ensure parasite susceptibility
Drenchplan - winter rainfall [graph]