METABOLIC SYNDROME (MetS)

Cluster of metabolic abnormalities

Hypertension

Obesity

Insulin resistance

Atherogenic dyslipidemia

Insulin resistance syndrome

Syndrome X

Hypertriglyceridemic waist

The deadly quartet

also known as

Visceral adiposity

Primary trigger for most pathways involved in MetS

Neurohormonal activation

Chronic inflammation

Insulin resistance

Insulin-mediated inhibition of lypolisis

Increase of free fatty acids

Protein kinase activation in the muscle

leading to

impairs

they inhibit

Increased production of TNF-α by the macrophages

Increased leptin levels and reduced adiponectin levels

Increased cardiovascular risk

Increased production of angiotensin II

Activates NADHP oxidase

Generation of ROS

Endothelial injury, platelet aggregation, etc.

it precipitates

Phosphorylation and inactivation of insulin receptors in the adipose tissue

Increased production of IL-6

Liver, bone marrow, endothelium

Increased production of acute phase reactants

which acts

leading to

C-reactive protein

such as

Reduction of glucose uptake

leading to