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Verbal Messages - Coggle Diagram
Verbal Messages
Principles of Verbal Messages
Message Meanings Are in People
Bypassing is “the miscommunication pattern which occurs when the speaker and the receiver miss each other with their meanings”
Meaning depends on packaging of messages
(combination of verbal and non-verbal elements).
Messages Can Confirm and Disconfirm
Disconfirmation - ignores the other person’s
presence and communication; leads to lowered self-esteem.
Rejection - disagree or reject the person’s ideas or behaviors but still recognize the person
Confirmation - acknowledges and accepts the other person; leads to increased self-esteem
Offensive language of disconfirmation are
Racism
Heterosexism
Ageism
Sexism
Messages Can Criticize and Praise
Guideline in expressing praise
1) Use I-messages.
4) Take culture into consideration.
3) Name the behavior you’re praising.
2) Make sure your affect (facial expression of feelings) is positive
Guideline to criticize positively
2) Be clear.
3) Avoid ordering or directing.
1) Own your thoughts and feelings.
4) Consider the context of the criticism.
Meanings Are Denotative and Connotative
Denotation of a word is its objective definition.
Connotation is its subjective or emotional meaning.
Guidelines for Using Verbal Messages Effectively
1) Extensionalize : avoid intentional orientation
Intentional orientation : view labels rather than things or people as they exist.
Extensional orientation : view people or things as they are rather than how they are talked about their labels.
2) See the individual: avoid allness
Allness orientation : judge whole based on experience with part.
Nonallness orientation : there is always more to know and say.
3) Distinguish between facts and inferences:
avoid fact-inference confusion
Factual statements : description based on things you observed.
Inferential statements : conclusions based.on what you observed.
Fact-inference confusion