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Castrejon_Cuban_Missile_Crisis - Coggle Diagram
Castrejon_Cuban_Missile_Crisis
Rivalry, Mistrust and Accord
The breakdown of the grand alliance and the emergence of superpower rivalry in Europe and Asia (1943-1949):
role of ideology;
Most of Europe had a democratic government and this had threatened China since they were the second most popular communist country. Both China and the Soviet Union had an alliance. This caused the Bamboo Curtain in Asia because this was a separation between the communist boundaries of Asia in the 1940s. And also, the USSR had established satellite states in 1945 and 1949 which had made Eastern Europe follow communism.
fear and aggression;
The Truman Doctrine had imposed relief in Europe as it stated that the U.S would help free people who resist outside pressures, which is alluding to communist pressures from the USSR. They were in fear that the USSR would be successful in spreading communism.
economic interests;
Most of Europe was focused on repairing its economy thanks to the Marshall Plan enacted in 1948. This helped bring up the Western part of Europe. However, Asia was struggling in producing more metals and goods since their mass production of metals had created mass amounts of famine to spread all over China which had caused their economy to go down.
a comparison of the roles of the US and the USSR
The U.S and USSR were very different in handling power in their sphere of influence. The USSR were more controlling on their satellite states due to the cominform which had made it possible for Stalin to control over communist parties in the satellite states. Stalin's Two Camps Doctrine divided Europe into 2 opposing camps. This granted a satellite empire to the USSR and showed that Eastern Europe was under the control of the USSR. The Mr. X article written By George F. Kennan explained that the U.S policy towards the USSR must be long term and that they should contain Russia's expansion and they should be seen as the enemy. They also wanted to follow a policy to contain the spread of communism and was sought to be essential. The USSR was more controlling of their states and the U.S was more defending against the USSR and making it possible to get communism out of Europe.
The US, USSR and China-superpower relations (1947-1962)
Containment
The nuclear issue was the biggest issue internationally in the 1960s. Therefore, the Test Ban Treaty was passed in 1963 in order to prevent any testing on nuclear weapons since it can kill the whole world's population. However, China had developed nuclear weapons and a hydrogen bomb. This had impacted international relations.
Peaceful Co-existence
The U.S and China remained in peace and had opposed the USSR. They remained in peace together because they wanted to undermine the USSR. This made the USSR almost isolated since they had no alliance with anyone and had to survive on their own in order to undermine both China and the U.S. This was officially effective when Nixon visited China in 1972.
Sino-Soviet and Sino-U.S. relations
China was at first allied with the Soviets. After The Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in 1945, the USSR heavily provided China with goods. They provided them with artillery when China participated in the Korean War on the North Korean side in order to protect communism and show that the U.S is weak since they had supported South Korea. However, in 1960, China accused Khrushchev's USSR of perverting socialism and had betrayed the revolution due to making a detente with the West. Khrushchev then accused Mao distorting Marxism which caused their relations to split.China and the U.S did not have a good relationship at the start since the U.S had supported Jiang Jieshi to get rid of Mao's communism. This angered China and had also angered them more when the U.S had supported South Korea to defeat communism in the Korean War. However, since China had an increase of tension between the USSR, the U.S offered China to help them defeat the USSR which resulted them to make an alliance.
Cold War Crises
Cold War crises case studies: detailed study of any two Cold War crises from different regions: examination and comparison of the causes, impact and significance of the two crises.
Europe (First and Second Berlin Crises)
The First Berlin Crisis was developed due to the Yalta and Potsdam conferences between the Big Three countries. It was agreed that Germany would be divided into four sections temporarily. This was administered by the Allied Control Council. At all times the intention was that Germany was treated as one economic unit and was expected that Germany would emerge as a united independent nation again. By 1949, Germany was permanent divided into two separate states. Both the West and USSR were becoming worried that Germany would join either side and would be a threat since Germany is powerful.This made Germany divided economically and politically within the zones of the Western Powers and the USSR. Stalin issued a Berlin blockade due to the new currency the Western part of Germany had introduced. This was started in June 23-24, 1948.
The Second Berlin Crisis (1958-1962) was created due to the glittering example of what capitalism had achieved in West Berlin which made many East Berliners to move to West Berlin by trains since East Berlin was economically failing. Between 1945 and 1961 one sixth of the German population took this advantage. On November 27, 1958, Khrushchev demanded Berlin to be demilitarized to become a free city. If not, he threatened that he would make the access routes in control of the GDR. Then, the Berlin Wall was put up on August 13, 1961 to prevent any Germans to cross to West Germany. The wall was then taken down on 1989 when the USSR had fallen to power.
Americas (Cuban Missile Crisis)
The Cuban Missile Crisis was an international crisis in October 1962. The Cuban Missile Crisis was about how the United States discovered the nuclear missiles of the Soviet Union in Cuba. Kennedy the president of the United States demanded for Soviets Union to remove them and a week later the leader of the Soviet Union who was Khrushchev at the time allowed the demand of Kennedy to happen. The significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis was that it forced the great nations and the big power countries to thing about a nuclear war and it made them to think about it over.
Leaders and Nations
The impact of two leaders, each chosen from a different region, on the course and development of the Cold War
Asia (Mao)
Mao Zedong led the communist forces in China and through a huge revolution in China in 1927 and ruled the nations communist government from its establishment in 1949. Mao besides Stalin and Khrushchev he was important in the cold war.
Europe (stalin,Eisenhower, Khruschlev)
The Molotov Plan was basically a plan from Stalin which was basically the marshal plan but instead it was the USSR version. The plan was provide aid to rebuild the countries in Europe that were politically and economically aligned towards the soviet union. (Yalta/Potsdam Conference, Sovietization of Eastern Europe)Khrushchev- Cuban missile crisis was a crisis on October 1968 it was almost a war between the United States and the Soviet Union, when the U.S discovered the missiles in Cuba. Kennedy demanded a removal and a week later Khrushchev acceded the U.S demand later.
Americas (Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Castro)
Truman Doctrine which was a foreign policy which its purpose was to contain or hold the Soviet expansion during the Cold War which was an impact towards the Cold war.
The implementation of the Marshall plan was the start of the Cold War between the United States and European allies. The Soviet Union had taken control of most of central and eastern Europe. The main goal of the Marshall plan was to halt the spread of communism on the Europe.