Chp 3: Weather and climate
Gateway 1:
Aspects of climate
Factors affecting temperature of a place
Altitude
Distance from sea
Cloud cover
Latitude
Higher altitude, lower temperature
Maritime effect vs Continental effect
Day and night, presence vs absence of clouds
Higher latitude, lower temperature
Relative humidity
100% Relative humidity, amount of water vapor in air has reached the maximum that air can hold,
fully saturated, leading to rain
Clouds
Earth's surface heated up. water evaporates and rise as water vapor, condense at dew point temperature to mass of water droplets in air
Forming Cumulonimbus clouds
Rain
Convectional rain
Relief rain
Air pressure
Climate types
Force exerted on earth's surface by weight of air above it, SI unit: Millibars
Winds
Land and sea breeze due to uneven heating
Monsoon wind formed by Coriolis effect and Pressure difference
Southwest monsoon, June to September
Northeast monsoon, October to February
Equatorial climate
Monsoon climate
Cool temperate climate
Gateway 2:
Enhanced greenhouse effect causing global climate change
Human factors causing enhanced greenhouse effect
Deforestation
Changing land use
Agriculture
Industries
Urbanisation
Natural causes of climate change
Variation in solar output
Volcanic eruptions
Impact of climate change
Rise in sea level
Diagram
More frequent extreme weather events
Spread of some infectious
insect-borne diseases
Lengthening of growing seasons in certain regions
Strategies against climate change
International agreements
National responses
Kyoto protocol
Singapore Green Plan(2012)
Green mark scheme
Plant-a-tree programme
Gateway 3:
Characteristics of tropical cyclones
Strong winds
Low central pressure
Tropical cyclone hazards
Storm surges
Strong winds
Torrential rain
Impacts of tropical cyclones
Physical impacts
Economic impacts
Social impacts
Responses to tropical cyclones
Emergency action
Prediction and warning
Coastal plain management
Reducing vulnerability of infrastructure
Evacuation,medical aid