Team 4
Hydrolysis and Dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates
Size of molecules
Lipids
Polymers
Monomers
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Simple sugars/Monosaccharides
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Phospholipids
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Steroids
Made up of two or more monomers. Monomers combined together by dehydration or condensation reaction. During the reaction, a water molecule is lost given it the name dehydration reaction.
Glucose 
Fructose
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Galactose
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Complex carbohydrate
Triglycerides
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A simple molecule or one part. Can be formed through hydrolysis reaction where by a water molecule is added to a monomer when it is released from a polymer
Starch
cellulose
Glycogen
Phospholipids generally have just two fatty acid tails, and the third carbon of the glycerol backbone is occupied by a modified phosphate group.
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Fatty acids
Saturated
High melting point, tend to be solid at room temperature
Most branched
Least branched
Average branched
Contains a-1,4-Glycosidic Bond
An example can be starch which is a polymer that stores energy. It can be broken down into monomers through hydrolysis reaction and produce energy through the reaction
Contains a-1,6-Glycosidic linkages form branches
A phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule, meaning it has a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part.
The fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and do not interact with water, whereas the phosphate-containing group is hydrophilic (because of its charge) and interacts readily with water.
Polysaccharide composed of repeating glucose units that is produced by the cells of plants & some algea
Linear chains forms hydrogen bond with each other
Arranged in a parallel patern
These sheets provide strength to plant cell wall
In a membrane, phospholipids are arranged into a structure called a bilayer, with their phosphate heads facing the water and their tails pointing towards the inside.
Bonding arrangement causes every other glucose to be upside down with respect to its neighbour
This organization prevents the hydrophobic tails from coming into contact with the water, making it a low-energy, stable arrangement
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Unsaturated
Contain one or more C=C double bonds
Low melting point, tend to be liquid at room temperature
carbons are saturated with covalently bonded hydrogens
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hydroxyl group in glycerol is linked to carboxyl group in fatty acid
removal of a molecule by water by dehydration reaction
glycerol bonds to three fatty acids
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates.
Glycogen is usually stored in liver and muscle cells. Whenever blood glucose levels decrease, glycogen is broken down via hydrolysis to release glucose monomers that cells can absorb and use.
Chitin
Four fused rings of carbon atoms
One or more polar hydroxyl groups
Cholesterol found in the blood and cellular membranes of animals
Arthropods (such as insects and crustaceans) have a hard external skeleton, called the exoskeleton, which protects their softer internal body parts.
This exoskeleton is made of the macromolecule chitin, which resembles cellulose but is made out of modified glucose units that bear a nitrogen-containing functional group.
Chitin is also a major component of the cell walls of fungi, which are neither animals nor plants but form a kingdom of their own.