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Endocrine pharmacology - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine pharmacology
diabetes mellitus
type1→insulin replacement; type2→oral agents, non-insulin injectables, insulin replacement, weight loss
regular insulin is preferred for DKA, hyperkalemia, stress hyperglycemia
education on diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, complication management
injectable
insulin preparation
rapid acting(1hr), short acting(2-3hr), intermediate acting(4-10hr), long acting(no real peak)
bind insulin receptor→↑glucose stored, glycogen, protein synthesis, TG storage, K⁺uptake
GLP-1 analog
↓glucagon release, gastric emptying, ↑glucose-dependent insulin release, ↑satiety
amylin analog
↓glucagon release, gastric emptying, ↑satiety
oral drug
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biguanide: inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and the action of glucagon, by inhibiting mGPD
DPP-4 inhibitors: inhibit DPP-4 enzyme that deactivates GLP-1→↓glucagon release, gastric emptying, ↑glucose-dependent insulin release
glitazone/thiazolidinedione: bind to PPAR-γ nuclear transcription regulator→↑insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin→regulation of glucose metabolism and fatty acid strage
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thioamides
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propylthiouracil, methimazole
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levothyroxine(T₃), liothyronine(T₄)
for hypothyroidism, myxedema
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cinacalcet
for refractpry hypercalcemia in hyperthyroidism, etc
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