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The lymphatic system - Coggle Diagram

- - - - .
        
        Types:
        
        Afferent: enter the lymph node
        
        Efferent: carries lymph away from the node
        
        Structure:
        
        • Trabeculae: divisions formed by outer fibrous capsule
        
        • Hilum: concave surface where an artery enters and a vein and the efferent lymph vessel leave
        
        Functions: • Filtering & phagocytosis
        
        Mechanical: physically stopping particles from progressing further in the body
        
        Biological: biological activity of cells destroys and removes particles – Most material is destroyed phagocytosis
        
        • Proliferation of lymphocytes – Activated T- & B- lymphocytes multiply – Antibodies enter the lymph & blood here
- - - - Has no afferent lymphatics entering
  - - - • Destroys old RBC’s and returns breakdown products to liver
        • Disposes of bacteria, leukocytes, platelets and debris
    - - • Keeps up to 350mls blood in reserve
    - - • Contains T and B lymphocytes which are activated by antigens •Over proliferation in times of need may cause Splenomegaly
    - - • Forms blood cells in the foetus
- - - - • Each lobule is composed of a dense cellular cortex and an inner, less dense medulla
      - • Medullary tissue can be identified by presence of thymic corpuscles
      - • Two pyramid-shaped lobes are subdivided into small lobules
    - - • Develops lymphocytes into activated T-lymphocytes
      - • Plays vital role in immunity mechanism
    - - • Thymosin (hormone) to program T-lymphocytes
- - - - Types:
        
        • Tonsils
        
        – Found around the pharynx
        
        – Trap and remove bacteria
        
        • Peyer’s Patches
        
        – Found in the wall of the small intestine
        
        – Capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine
- - - - • Malignant tumours of lymphoid tissue that are classified as Hodgkin’s or Non-Hodgkin’s
    - - • Cancer affected lymph from a tumour multiplies as it travels in the lymph
    - - • Nodes become inflamed, enlarged and congested after fighting off microbes which have been transported in the lymph
  - - - • Infections may be acute (rare) or chronic e.g. TB, malaria, typhoid
      - • Enlargement of the spleen, usually as a result of infection, disease or malignancy
  - - - e.g. mastectomy with axillary lymph dissection
        
        Breasts are drained by two sets of lymphatic vessels
        
        Drain the underlying substance of the breast, areola and nipple
        
        Drain the skin over the breast but not the areola and nipple
        
        Lymph nodes associated with the breast
        
        • More than 85% of the lymph from the breast enters the lymph nodes of the axillary region