Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, aboutaluminium_factsaboutaluminium,…
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HYDROGEN
-most abundant element in the universe
-Special place in periodic table
-colorless, tasteless, non-toxic, non metallic, combustible gas
-covalent bond with nonmetals, ionic bond with metals, hydrogen bond
METAL HYDRIDES
-ionic compounds formed by hydride anion and a metal cation
-e.g. LaNi5H6, mgH2, NaAlH4
-
HALOGENS
-group 17
-consists(diatomic molecules) of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
-when reacting with metals produce wide range of salts
-only group to have all 3 main states of matter
CHLORINE
-yellow-green gas
-extremely reactive and strong oxidizing agent
-important for chemical industry: bleaches, disinfectants..
-used in pools for desinfection
IODINE
-black solid, purple-violet gas
-occurs in many oxidation states: iodide, iodate and various periodate anions
-essential in synthesis of thyroid hormones
CHALOGENS
-group 16
-known as oxygen family
-contains oxygen, sulfur, tellurium, polonium
-oxygen has very different behavior from other elements in the group
-all have 6 valence electrons
-don't conduct heat well
OXYGEN
-colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
-O2
-highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent
-forms oxides with most elements
-crucial for living beings
-allotropic modification-O3 ozon
SULPHUR
-bright yellow, crystalline solid
-historically called brimstone-burning stone
-burns with blue flame with formation of sulfur dioxide-has suffocating and irritating odor
-best known allotrope is S8
PNICTOGENS
-group 15
-known as nitrogen family
-contains nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, moscovium
-have 5 electrons in outer shell
-most important elements of group are nitrogen and phosphorus
PHOSPHORUS
-exists in two major forms: white phosphorus and red phosphorus
-highly reactive
-essential for life
-component of DNA,RNA,ATP and phospholipids
NITROGEN
-colorless, odorless, diatomic gas
-lightest member of group 15
-most abundant uncombined element
-important for industry: ammonia, nitric acid,..
- has one of the highest electronegativities among elements
ALKALI METALS
-group 1
-consists of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium
-all are shiny, soft and highly reactive metals
-can easily be cut with knife
SODIUM
-soft, silvery white
-needs to be prepared from compounds
-exists in numerous minerals and rock salts (NaCl)
SODIUM BICARBONATE
-known as baking soda
-NaHCO3
-slightly salty, alkaline taste
-often used in cooking
SODIUM CARBONATE
-known as soda ash, washing soda
-Na2Co3
-has strongly alkaline taste
-produced from sodium chloride and limestone
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
-group 2
-consists of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium
-silver colored and soft
-low density, melting and boiling point
CALCIUM
-reactive metal
-forms dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air
-most common compound is calcium carbonate
CALCIUM CARBONATE
-CaCO3
-found in rock and minerals, but also in pearls
-when calcium ions react in hard water with carbonate ions they create limescale
IRON
-brittle, hard metal
-crucial to the survival of living organisms
-hemoglobin- protein that contains hem-transfer oxygen, placed in erythrocyte, oxygen molecule binds on Fe2 ion
-most of it is used to make steel- alloy of iron and carbon
-rusting- corrosion of iron and its alloys, such as steel
-rust- iron oxide formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture
COPPER
-red-brown metal
-soft, malleable and ductile metal
-good conductor and thermal conductor-important element in industry
-it turns green. when exposed to water and air, it loses electrons in oxidation reaction
-it is also important in human diet
-reacts only with strong oxidizing acids (such as HNO3)
ALUMINIUM
-silvery-white, soft, non-magnetic and ductile metal
-it is very lightweight and aluminium foil reflects heat and light and it is completely impermeable
-since it is very ductile it can be shaped easily
-it reacts with oxygen in the air forming protective oxide coating
CARBON GROUP
-group 14
-consists of carbon, silicon, germanium tin, lead, flerovium
-all elements have 4 electrons in their outer shell
have strong propensity for covalent bonding-especially carbon and silicon
ALLOTROPIC MODIFICATION
-different structural forms of the same element
-e.g. some allotropes of carbon are diamond, graphite, graphene and fullerenes
-for some elements allotropes have different molecular formulae: O2-dioxygen, O3-ozon
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
