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Unit 5: The universe, CELESTIAL BODIES, THE EARTH, THE MOON, THE SOLAR…
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CELESTIAL BODIES
CONSTELLATION
- Is a group of stars that form a particular pattern in the sky
- Some constellation have a name which indicates the shape that the stars form
GALAXY
-Is a huge collection of stars, dust and gas held together by gravity
- Galaxies have different shape: spiral, elliptical, irregular
- The Solar System is an spiral galaxy called the MIlky Way
PLANETS
- Are celestial bodies that orbit the sun
- Do not have light
- Some have naturals satellites, called moon
DWARRF PLANET
Are round and orbit the sun like planets, but smaller. (Eg.)Pluto
COMETS
-Are made of ice, dust and gases.
ASTEROIDS
- Are rocks that orbit the sun
- Have irregular shapes
- There are an asteroid belt in the solar system between Mars and Jupiter
METEROIDS
- Are small pieces of rock that break away from an asteroid
STARS
- Are big ball of gas
- Stars have three characteristics: colour, brightness and size
- The sun is a star
THE EARTH
DAY AND NIGHT
- The Earth takes 24h to complete one rotation on its axis (imaginary line which an object moves around)
- The Earth revolves around the axis that joins the North and South poles.
- The side of the Earth which is facing the Sun experiences day, while the side which is facing away from the Sun experiences night
The season
It takes 365 days and six hours for the Earth to complete one full revolution around the Sun.
- The Equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
- When an hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it receives more light and it is summer.
- When its title away from the Sun, it receives less sunlight and it is winter.
- The first day of summer and winter is called solstice
The first day of spring and autumn is called equinox
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THE MOON
FACTS
- The moon rotates on its axis and orbit the Earth
- Its takes 28 days to complete one rotation and 28 days to complete one revolution around the Earth
- The moon do not have its own light. The sun lights up the Moon, which makes it look like it is changing shape.
The phases of the Moon
First quarter, new moon, full moon and third quarter
ECLIPSES
- An eclipse is when one celestial body moves in the shadow of another.
- A SOLAR ECLIPSE: Is when the Moon blocks the light from the Sun and the sunlight can not reach the Earth
- A LUNAR ECLIPSE is when the Earth blocks the light from the Sun
TIDES
THE MOON´S gravity influence the tides on Earth.
- High tide is when water comes inlad.
- Low tide is when water moves further away from the land
- There are two low tides and two low tides a day
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