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GIT pathology 2: Stomach - Coggle Diagram
GIT pathology 2: Stomach
Gastric displacements
Simple gastric dilation
Predisposition: deep chested breeds
Treatment : stomach tube
Spontaneous resolvement
Vomiting
Causes
Overeating / overdrinking
Gas source
Aerophagia
CO2 from clostridia
Obstruction of cardia / pylorus
Diaphragmatic hernia
Traumatic
Gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV) **
Repeated episodes of gastric dilation
Stretched gastrohepatic ligament
Rotation of stomach
Clockwise from caudal aspect
(Spleen rotation + congestion)
Occlusion of cardia and pylorus
Necrotic gastric mucosa
Venous outflow occluded
Oedematous , congested + hypoxaemic
Rupture --> peritonitis
Acid-base electrolyte imbalances
Abomasal displacement
Gastric ulceration
Helicobacter
species
Gram -ve cocci
Imbalance - gastric acidity / normal mucosal barrier maintenance
Chronic inflammation
Multifactorial
Causes
Neoplasia
Oversecretion of gastrin
iatrogenic
Steroids
NSAIDs
Stress
Ischaemia
Decreased blood supply
Degeneration / inflammation
Foreign body
Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (TRP)
Reticulum wall penetration
Ingested FB
Pathogenesis
Acute local peritonitis
Penetration of pleural / pericardial sacs
Recovery : adhesions
Pericarditis
Clinical presentation
Decreased milk yield
Mild pyrexia; Anorexia ; Rumen stasis ; colic
Chemical
Rumenitis
Lactic acidosis
Sudden change to grain rich diet
Alteration of rumen microbial flora
Bacterial overgrowth
Decreased rumen pH and motility
Rumenal stasis
Clinical signs
Dehydration , rumenal stasis, weakness and recumbency
Secondary complications
Liver abscessation
Rumenal tympany / bloat
Overdistension (dyspnoea) of rumen and reticulum
Primary (frothy) bloat
Gases of fermentation
Stable foam prevents eructation
Sudden death in cattle ; protrusion of tongue and extension of head
Secondary bloat
Physical obstruction
Infectious
Disorders of growth
Congenital
Pyloric stenosis
Acquired
Neoplasia
Squamous cell carcinoma
Nonglandular mucosa
Lymphoma