Rise to power
Rising Nationalism
after WW1
money as a form of exchange
developing industries
After/During WW2
Uhuru- war for freedom
strengthened idea they would no longer be kept in subjication
Britain sponsors creation of TAA in 1929 to control independence-minded African
Nyerere joined TAA
makes it an organisation rather than social club to agitate the colonial rule
1954- turned TAA to Tanganyika African National Union- TANU w/ central aim of achieving independence . Gave up teaching for full time politics .
Skill of public speaking, dedication to national independence earned him following, modelled but Gandhi
conducted series of tours discussing local issues- gain support of tribal leaders
Trusteeship council of the UN- travelled to speak about independence
delighted some
Angered British- banned his public speaking
Opposition
2 medical doctors Vedast Kyaruzi and Luciano Tsere, members of Haya and Iraqw people
teacher from Bondei tribe- Steven Mhando
all remained as tribal and regional leaders, Nyerere was only true national figure who emerged from late colonial Tanganyika
Nyerere led TANU as main org. for achieving independence- little resistance
late 50s- accepted it would be achieved
Announced in1956 by Governor-General(British Prime minister principally responsible for negotiating independence) that 1958 there would be free elections to legislative council- Africans could take part
TANU members- wanted to boycott elections under British auspices
Nyerere accepted appointment to legislative council
announced TANU would participate in elections
spite regulation that 1/3 elected council members could be African
Nyerere opposed this- concerned that TANU didn't stand, rival parties would gain undue influence
growing popularity
evident in TANU election victories
disturbed British governor -general, Edward Twinning, shared Lennox-Boyd's reluctance to see independence more too quick
his attitude led to strikes and protests- some violent
British authorities- arrested/prosecuted/banning TANU from operating in some regions
He published angry article- condemned gov.
for restrict of political freedom
for use of illegal court-room tactics in trial
accused 2 district commissioners - encouraged witness to commit perjury so guilt verdicts to return to TANU
gov. charged him w/ Criminal libel- Nyerere abandoned moderate approach
if to receive severe sentence, peaceful independence would be destroyed
helped prevent crisis - appointment of Governor-general of Sir Richard Turnbull
showed willingness to compromise, invited Nyerere for talks- established immediate rapport, agreed to cooperate for independence
offered fine or imprisonment- chose fine to avoid his supporters to act violently
goodwill of Turnbull helped smooth way to independence
Nyerere re-elected in 1959 - legislative council, advanced non-racial candidacy, wanted people to regard themselves as Tanganyikans rather than members of ethnic group
success from all, even 40% of those from European/Asian background
Turnbull then followed "African participation both in legislature and in the executive should steadily increase, Majority rule was adopted (right of largest group to have the largest representation in gov. )
Nyerere listed Independence had to contain
Universal adult suffrage
majority rule
elected legislator, reserved seats for minority
elected Council of Ministers
Elections to legislative council , 1960, 90% vote for TANU , neither other 2 parties win a single seat
council renamed to legislative assembly
increased to 81 members
52 African seats
16 European
12 asian
1 arab
Nyerere became chief minister of the council, appointed his own ministers, 9 Africans, 2 europeans , 1 asian
AS independence given on 9th December 1961, Nyerere became prime minister