Rise to power

Rising Nationalism

after WW1

money as a form of exchange

developing industries

After/During WW2

Uhuru- war for freedom

strengthened idea they would no longer be kept in subjication

Britain sponsors creation of TAA in 1929 to control independence-minded African

Nyerere joined TAA

makes it an organisation rather than social club to agitate the colonial rule

1954- turned TAA to Tanganyika African National Union- TANU w/ central aim of achieving independence . Gave up teaching for full time politics .

Skill of public speaking, dedication to national independence earned him following, modelled but Gandhi

conducted series of tours discussing local issues- gain support of tribal leaders

Trusteeship council of the UN- travelled to speak about independence

delighted some

Angered British- banned his public speaking

Opposition

2 medical doctors Vedast Kyaruzi and Luciano Tsere, members of Haya and Iraqw people

teacher from Bondei tribe- Steven Mhando

all remained as tribal and regional leaders, Nyerere was only true national figure who emerged from late colonial Tanganyika

Nyerere led TANU as main org. for achieving independence- little resistance

late 50s- accepted it would be achieved

Announced in1956 by Governor-General(British Prime minister principally responsible for negotiating independence) that 1958 there would be free elections to legislative council- Africans could take part

TANU members- wanted to boycott elections under British auspices

Nyerere accepted appointment to legislative council

announced TANU would participate in elections

spite regulation that 1/3 elected council members could be African

Nyerere opposed this- concerned that TANU didn't stand, rival parties would gain undue influence

growing popularity

evident in TANU election victories

disturbed British governor -general, Edward Twinning, shared Lennox-Boyd's reluctance to see independence more too quick

his attitude led to strikes and protests- some violent

British authorities- arrested/prosecuted/banning TANU from operating in some regions

He published angry article- condemned gov.

for restrict of political freedom

for use of illegal court-room tactics in trial

accused 2 district commissioners - encouraged witness to commit perjury so guilt verdicts to return to TANU

gov. charged him w/ Criminal libel- Nyerere abandoned moderate approach

if to receive severe sentence, peaceful independence would be destroyed

helped prevent crisis - appointment of Governor-general of Sir Richard Turnbull

showed willingness to compromise, invited Nyerere for talks- established immediate rapport, agreed to cooperate for independence

offered fine or imprisonment- chose fine to avoid his supporters to act violently

goodwill of Turnbull helped smooth way to independence

Nyerere re-elected in 1959 - legislative council, advanced non-racial candidacy, wanted people to regard themselves as Tanganyikans rather than members of ethnic group

success from all, even 40% of those from European/Asian background

Turnbull then followed "African participation both in legislature and in the executive should steadily increase, Majority rule was adopted (right of largest group to have the largest representation in gov. )

Nyerere listed Independence had to contain

Universal adult suffrage

majority rule

elected legislator, reserved seats for minority

elected Council of Ministers

Elections to legislative council , 1960, 90% vote for TANU , neither other 2 parties win a single seat

council renamed to legislative assembly

increased to 81 members

52 African seats

16 European

12 asian

1 arab

Nyerere became chief minister of the council, appointed his own ministers, 9 Africans, 2 europeans , 1 asian

AS independence given on 9th December 1961, Nyerere became prime minister