Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Landfill and Landfill design - Coggle Diagram
Landfill and Landfill design
types of landfill
Hazardous waste landfill
treatment
Disposal facility
storage
must be appropriately permitted
Inert waste landfill
deploy enviromental friendly treatment
acceptable waste to be disposed
construction waste
soil
tyres
garden waste
non acceptable waste to be disposed
toxic waste
fluid waste
domestic waste
scheduled waste
open dumping landfills
doesn't protect enviroment
susceptible to open burning
Sanitary landfill
treat waste in an enviroment-friendly
risk of pollution minimized
Definition of sanitary landfill
A method of disposing solid waste on land without creating hazard to public health. Utilise the engineering principles to confine waste to the smallest practical area and reduce it the smallest practical volume and cover it with layer of earth at the end of the operation
Level of landfill
level 1
controlled tipping
level 2
sanitary landfill with a bund and daily soil covering
level 3
sanitary landfill with leachate re-circulation system
level 4
sanitary landfill with leachate treatment systme
landfill planning
element that must be considered
landfilling siting considerations
landfill layout and design
landfill operations and management
reactions occuring in the landfill
the management of LFG
the management of leachate
enviromental monitoring
site considerations
available land area
Haul distances
soil condition and topography
surface water hydrology
geologic water hydrology
climatologic conditions
local enviromental conditions
ultimate use of sie
Landfill site selections
Phase 1: site rating process
exclusion criteria are:
Drinking water protection area
high flood areas
unstable ground
extreme morphology
unsuitable geological and hydrogeological conditions
residential areas
nature protection areas
phase 2 : identification of surface area
phase 3 : site investigation
Phase 4 : final decision
Site consideration requirements
Protection of soil and water
location
stability
capacity of the waste
costs
operations
construction phase
phase 1: excavate land
phase 2: add compacted clay layer to prevent contaminant from seeping into the ground water.
phase 3 : install leachate collection system
phase 4: install geosynthetic liner to help stabilize the waste
phase 5: add a sloped, send drainage layer to drain liquids away from the waste into the leachate collections
phase 6: deposit solid waste (open and use landfill
compaction process
to reduce waste volume
to compact waste in order to reduce the volume it occupies and help stabilize the landfill
compacter vehicles: to spread the waste evenly in layers over the landfill and compact it
phase 7 : install groundwaster and gas monitoring wells
phase 8 : add soil layer
phase 9: install clay clap
to prevent water from filtering into the landfill
phase 10: install geosynthetic cap
provide additional protection against water filtration
phase 11: install sand drainage layer
to drain rainwater away from the waste
phase 12: add a layer of top soil
to promote plant growth
Phase 13: plant grass and other short rooted plants to prevent erosion of the landfill surfaces
phase 14 L construct methane recovery building
landfill designs
closure designs
landfill design
runoff collection
drainage design
leachate collections and gas collections
liner design
foundation design
landfill operations and management
factor to be considered in landfill operation
stability of the waste body
waste placement techniques, phasing and supervision
settlement and other type of deformation
operating facility, buldings and roads
gas management and monitoring programmes
surface water drainage
leachate management and groundwater control
environmental concerns
following activies occur when solid waste place in a sanitary landfill
biological decay of organic materials
chemical oxidation of waste materials
escape of gases from the fill
movement of liquids caused by differential heads
dissolution and leaching of organic and inorganic materials by waste and leachte moving through the fill
movement of dissolved material by concentration gradients osmosis
leachate management
on site treatment
minimize the contaminants in the leachate
reduce high concentrations of COD & BOD
removal of 90% COD and ammonia
methods :
aerobic treatment (aerated lagoon)
polishing treatment (reed bed)
wetland system
spray irrigation (evaporation)
advantages
lowest cost
prevent public disturbances
accomodate the changes in leachate quality and quantity
potential for fertilizer production
new habitat for wildlife
leachate recycling
leachate is defined as liquid that has percolated through waste and has extracted dissolved or suspended material from it
Landfill gas management
definition
a product of the degradation of biodegradable waste
landfill gas control measure
means to collect gases
control and treat gases
uses gas to benefits the community
odor control technologies
prevent oder-causing gases from leaving the landfill
landfill cover- prevent odor from newly deposited waste or from gas produced during bacterial decomposition
flaring- eliminate landifill gas odors by thermally destroying the odor-causing gases
venting landfill gas through a filter - reduce odors by using filter of bacterial slime
landfill gas collections
passive gas collection system
active gas collection system
odor control
odor come from landfill gas and leachate
odor in landfill gas
hydrogen sulfide
household and commercial waste brought to landfill decompose over time largely through the action of bacteria
factors influencing odor strength
type of waste
volume of odorous materials
time required to unload and cover
meterological and topographic conditions
size of working face
time of day
health effects
mood changes
sore throat
cough
hoarsness
chest tightness
nausea
shortness of breath
eliminate the generation of odor
making sure there are air-tight seals around all gas control equipment to keep air out and gas in
on going operation, monitoring and maintenance by a trained gas technician
improve stormwater management-water increase the production of landfill gas
cover waste to reduce odor
cover waste with more dirt
provide good cover materials -can filter odor, control gas and reduced water infiltration
landfill closure and post closure care
long term closure plan
cover and landscape design
control of LFG
collection and treatment of leachate
enviromental monitoring system
post closure care
routine inspections
infrastructure maintenance
enviromental monitoring systems