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LANDFILL & LANDFILL DESIGN - Coggle Diagram
LANDFILL & LANDFILL DESIGN
Classification
LF for commingled waste
accepts non-hazardous industrial waste and sludge
Landfill for shredded solid waste
can be placed at up to 35% greater density
Landfill for individual waste constituents (monofills)
to isolate from materials placed in MSW LF
LF designed to maximize gas production - deep, individual lined cells, waste is placed without intermediate layers of cover
LF as integrated treatment units - organic part separated
Closure & Postclosure
Long-term closure plan
Design cover to support the landscape design
Install gas collection system
Install leachate control system
Install environmental monitoring facilities
Post-closure care
Routine inspection
Infrastructure maintenance
Environmental monitoring system
Post-closure plan
Green areas - turns into green area or a parkInfrustructure maintenance
Recreation - converted into golf courses, play fields, etc
Agriculture - growing grass to prevent roots perforated landfill lining
Housing - constructed light structured buildings
Waste-Land Disposal
Containment sites (landfill)
- by natural clay bottom liners or synthetic liners or both
Attenuate and disperse sites (dumping site)
- dilution and dispersion through pores and micro fissures into underlying saturated zones
Types
Inert waste landfill
Open dumping landfill
Sanitary landfill
Siting Consideration
Site selection
Phase 1: site rating process (negative mapping)
Phase 2: identification of site areas (positive areas)
Phase 3: site investigation
Phase 4: final decision
Site construction requirements
Operations
confined to small area as possible
covered with layers of soil
Location
land value
community served
Protection of soil and water
installation of liner and collection systems
Costs
site after care
site investigations
Layout, Construction & Design
Landfilling methods
Excavated cell / trenched method
- suited to areas with adequate depth of cover material
Canyon / depression method
- has adequate material to cover lifts and final cover
Construction
Phase 1: Excavate land
Phase 2: Add compacted clay layer or synthetic layer
Phase 3: Install leachate collection system
Phase 4: Install geosynthetic liner
Phase 5: Add a sloped, sand drainage laye
Phase 6: Deposit solid waste
Phase 7: Install groundwater and gas monitoring wells
Phase 8: Add soil lay
Phase 9: Install clay cap
Phase 10: Install geosynthetic cap
Phase 11: Install sand drainage layer
Phase 12: Add a layer of top soil
Phase 13: Plant grass and other short rooted plants
Phase 14: Construct methane recovery bulding
Operations & Management
Covering operations
Daily - carried out after the daily portion of tipping
Intermediate - carried out as landfill progress helps in reducing leachate
Final - laid when cell is full
Reactions Occuring
Biological decay of organic materials
Chemical oxidation of waste materials
Escape of gases from the fill
Leachate Management
Recycling
- collect and recirculate the leachate through landfill
Treatment
minimize contaminants
reduce high concentrations of COD, BOD
Wetland system
Polishing treatment (reed bed)
Spray irrigation (evaporation)
Aerobic treatment (aerated lagoon)
Gas Management
Gas exploitation
Conversion to elctricity
Direct use of gas
Gas collection
Passive gas collection system
- constructed from high density polyethylene or polypropylene pipe, surrounded by no-fines crushed aggregate
Active gas collection system
- pumped wells spaced at max of 50m intervals
Odor Control
Causes of odors
Landfill gas
Leachate
Factors influencing odor
Type of waste
Volume of potentially odorous material
Time required to unload and cover
Effects of odor
Health effect
Headache
Nausea
Sore throat
Ilness
Asthma
Depression
Stress
Odor control system
Eliminate the generation of odor
Cover waste to reduce odor
Collect landfill gas
Masking waste