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Development of Locomotor Skills - Coggle Diagram
Development of Locomotor Skills
Human Locomotion
gait
a particular pattern of locomotion
early locomotion
crawling
commando crawl
moving on hands and abdomen
creeping
moving on hands and knees
Walking
50% phasing relationship between the legs as well as a period of double support followed by a period of single support
early walking
maximize stability and balance over mobility
arms are in high guard
no trunk rotation
feed are out-toed and spread wide apart
independent steps are taken
step-pause-step-pause
occurs at about 1 year
proficient walking
trading stability for mobility
stride length increases
base of support is reduced
pelvis is rotated
opposition occurs
Running
occurs 6-7 months after walking starts
50% phasing relationship between legs as well as a period of flight followed by a period of single support
early running
stability over mobility
arms in high guard
limited ROM
short stride length
little rotation
proficient running
less stability, more mobility
increased stride length
planar movement
narrow base of support
trunk rotation
opposition
Jumping
when an individual propels their bodies from a surface with either one or both feet but lands on 2 feet
begin simple jumping before age 2
people can perform either vertical or horizontal jump
early jumping
jumping only vertically
one-foot takeoff or landing
no or limited preparatory movement
proficient jumping
preparatory crouch maximizes takeoff force
both feet leave ground at the same time
arm swing used during jump
for vertical jump
force is directed downward
body is extended
for horizontal jump
force is directed down and backward
knees are flexed during flight
Hopping
starts later than jumping around age 3 or 4
when individuals propel themselves with one foot and land on the same foot
early hopping
support leg is lifted rather than used to project body
arms are inactive
swing leg is held rigidly in front of body
proficient hopping
swing leg leads hip and moves full ROM
support leg extends fully at hip
oppositional arm movement generates force
support leg is flexed on landing