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Conventional and integrated circuits, MEMS, Oscillators, Amplifiers,…
Conventional and integrated circuits
Conventional circuits
Many components and wires
Integrated circuits
Single semiconductor chip
Components and connectors inside
Metal leads to the pins
Advantages and disadvantages
Conventional circuit
Single components replaced
Integrated circuit
Entire chip replaced
MEMS
Already existing devices
More efficient devices
Between 1μmeter and 100μmeters
Mass production
As actuators
Micropumps, microvalves ecc
As sensors
Temperature, pressure, radiation ecc
Sense and react to the environment
Mechanical and electronical systems
Oscillators
Three basic elements
Amplifier
Frequency fixer
Feedback path
Regular timing pulses
Carries signals
Controls devices
Produce radio/audio signals
Different purposes
DC into AC waves
Sine.square,saw-tooth
Patterns of voltage/current
Amplifiers
Weak signal into stronger one
Possible distortion
Negative feedback
Video amplifiers
High frequencies (Megahertz)
Audio amplifiers
Audible frequencies (20Hz to 20Khz)
Multistage (cascade)
First output with second input
Surface mounting
Much smaller components
Mass production
Components soldered directly
Soldering on both sides
Firstly used in 1960s
Mainly used nowadays
Through hole mounting
Big environmental stress
Components onto drilled holes
Mainly used until 1980s
How an electronic system works
Three stages
Processing
Signals transformed
Output
Signals exits
Input
Information enters
Calculator
Circuit board
Display
Keypad
Batteries/solar cells