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WHITE LESIONS - Coggle Diagram
WHITE LESIONS
Fordyce granules
Etiology: Fordyce granules are normal sebaceous glands that are found in the Oral mucosa and they secrete and oily substance fordyce granules are a feature of normal development
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Characteristics: they appear as superficial yellow, slightly elevated papules. They are most commonly found on the buccal mucosa and are often bilaterally symmetrical
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Leukoedema
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Characteristics: manifests as in whitish plaques on the buccal mucosa that will dissipate when the tissue is stretched
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Geographic tongue
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Characteristics: atrophic and often red patches with characteristic yellow/white borders on the dorsal and lateral tongue surfaces are characteristics of this condition
Dental implications: GT can be confused with other pathologic conditions. Patients may be alarmed by the appearance of GT when they first noticed the condition
Treatment and prognosis: it is not pre-malignant and this does not require treatment but patients can be treated with topical corticosteroids
Frictional keratosis
Etiology: physical irritation of the oral mucosa may produce white flags known as frictional keratosis.
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Characteristics: a white plaque that does not rub off and usually has a cause and effect relationship with an irritant
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Cheek chewing
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Characteristics: the location of the lesion and the characteristic a regular, white plaques distinguish this condition
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Treatment and prognosis: the diagnosis can be made from the clinical features and confirmed by a patient history of cheek chewing
Nicotine stomatitis
Etiology: heavy smokers often develop keratotic changes of their palatal mucosa, Heat may play a greater role than irritation from the combustion products of burnt tobacco
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Characteristics: a whitish palette with small red dots combined with a history of smoking there are small elevations on the palate
Dental implications: the lesion itself is not pre-malignant it’s presents can alert the clinician to the increased risk of development of oral carcinoma the clinician should use this as an educational opportunity
Treatment and prognosis: it is diagnosed by clinical features with confirmation of the patients smoking habits the palatal changes will resolve with smoking cessation
Hairy tongue
Etiology: Antibiotics, therapeutic radiation therapy, smoking, oxygenating mouth rinses/peroxide, and overgrowth of oral Flora
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Treatment and prognosis: predisposing factors for this condition should be corrected if possible. Gentle physical debridement with a toothbrush or tongue scraper is helpful. Essential oil mouth rinses may also be recommended
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Hairy Leukoplakia
Etiology: is caused by infection with Epstein-bar virus secondary to immunosuppression HL is also linked to the HIV
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Characteristics: white plaques often with vertical raised ridges bilaterally on the tongue in immuno suppressed patients.
Dental implications: HL is a significant diagnosis because it is relatively accurate predictor of rapid progression from HIV latent infection to AIDS
Treatment and prognosis: antiviral therapy often produces improvement or resolution of the lesion however reoccurrence is not uncommon there is no evidence that HL has the potential for malignant transformation
Lichen planus
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Characteristics: Wickham striae observed bilaterally on the buckle mucosa and possibly on the gingiva
Dental implications: LP is often confused with other pathologic processes. Symptomatic patients may require diagnosis and treatment. There is a controversy regarding the pre-malignant nature of LP these lesions should be carefully monitored.
Treatment and prognosis: the reticular and plaque forms of LP are generally asymptomatic and patients usually do not require treatment unless the disease becomes erosive and symptomatic then a biopsy is usually needed
Leukoplakia
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Characteristics: the features of leukoplakia are highly variable manifesting in a variety of shapes and sizes and affecting virtually any mucosal surface most lesions are south on palpation but depending on the thickness of the surface some lesions feel Leathery
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Treatment and prognosis: biopsies should be performed on leukoplakias the prognosis depends on if the leukoplakia is malignant or not
Oral submucous fibrosis
Etiology: pre-malignant, multi factorial etiology increased risk of developing this condition is beetle nut chewing, genetic predisposition, and nutritional deficiencies
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Characteristics patients who habitually to Beato not have extensive dark staining on their teeth the presence of this type of staining should prompt the dental professional to thoroughly investigate Its cause
Dental implications: patient who habitually to be all night should be encouraged to stop the habit, have regular oral exams, and receive appropriate education related to the complications
Treatment and prognosis: there is no effective treatment for this condition the process is irreversible the prognosis depends on the severity of the symptoms and whether the patient will cease chewing betel nut
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