Joyce 
LIFE
James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882.
He was largely educated at Jesuiti schools.
He believed that the only way to increase Ireland's awareness was by offering a realistic portrait of its life from European viewoint.
Narrative technique and style
DUBLINERS
In 1904 he fell in love with Nora Barnacle.
The impersonality of the artist
In 1905, with their two children, they settled in Trieste, where Joyce made friends with Italo Svevo.
Structure and setting
Dubliners consists of 15 short stories they all lack obvious action. Joyce being a Modernist novelist was hostile to city life, finding that it degraded its citizens.
The artist' task was to render life objectively in order to give back to the readers a true image of it.
In 1915 Joyce moved to Zurich together with his family, and at the same period they received the first of several anonymous donations which enabled him to continue writing the novel Ulysses.
Chamber Music (1907)
Dubliners (1914)
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)
Ulysses (1922)
Joyce used different points of view and narrative techniques appropriate to the several characters portrayed.
Finnegans Wake (1939).
In fact his Dublin is a place where true feeling and compassion for others do not exist. There are only cruetly and selfishness.
Characters' impressions and points of view were explored by the author through the use of the free direct speech and the epiphany.
Dublin is a centre of paralysis
In 1920 he moved to Paris, where publish Ulysses.
Eveline
It deal with a19 years old girl's life. She has to make the decision that will change her life: run away with her boyfriend Frank to Buenos Aires and start a new life with him or take care of the house and family as she promised her dead mother.
Joyce represents Dublin in four aspects: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life
In this period there were also many problems, to the family point of view, but Joyce continued to write.
Language
Characters
Everyone in Dublin is paralyzed, when they want to escape Joyce's Dubliners are unable to because they are spiritually weak
succession of words without punctuation or grammar connections
adolescence
In 1940 He returned to Zurich, the city that had first given them refuge during World War I.
Realism and Symbolism
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Subjective perception of time
The description in each story is realistic. The use realism is mixed with symbolism since external details generally have a deeper meaning.
He was buried in the same city in 1941.
Free direct speech: lacks a reporting clause to show the shift from narration to reporting; it is used to represent the mental reactions of characters to what they see or experience.
Epiphany: a sudden and momentary showing forth or disclosure of one's authentic inner self.
She remains motionless, paralyzed and unable to change her life
Religious symbolism
epiphany, paralysis, stream of consciousness, irish social condition
Colour symbolism
The use of epiphany
Joyce thought that the function of symbolism was to take the reader beyond the usual aspects of life through the analysis of the particular.
This technique was called epiphany "the sudden spiritual manifestation" caused by external object which reveals the character's inner truths.
So at these revelatory moments the reader's attentions focuses on the real meaning of the narrative.
Paralysis
The paralysis which Joyce wante to portray is both physical from external forces, and moral linked to religion, political and culture.
works
Joyce's Dubliners accept their condition, because they are not aware of it or because they lack the courage.
The moral centre of Dubliners is not paralysis alone but its revelation to its victims.
The facts become confused, they are always explored from different point of view and presented as clues and not through the voice of an omniscient narrator.
The main theme is the failure to find a way out of paralysis.
Joyce' novels and stories open in medias res with the analysis of a particular moment; the portrait of the character is based on introspection.