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Microbial causes of gastric and abdominal cavity disease 2 - Bacteria -…

- - - - Peptic ulcers
      - Gastric neoplasia
        
        Lymphoma; adenocarcinoma
      - Neutrophil extra-cellular killing
        
        Destroy mucous secreting mucous membranes
        
        Remove protective mucus layer
        
        Gastric ulceration
  - - - Villi thickening
        
        Bacteria present on epithelial mucosal surface
      - Tangled bacteria mass in gastric pits
      - Inflammatory infiltrate
        
        Lymphocytes; plasma cells
        
        Chronic gastritis
    - - Microaerophilic (decreased O2) ; high humidity
      - Enriched selective media
      - Prolonged growth time - up to 7 days
  - - - Metronidazole + amoxicillin
      - Metronidazole with tetracycline
  - - - Gastric (stomach) species
        
        Urease
        
        Alkalinisation
        
        Mucous layer colonisation
        
        Faecal-oral/ oral-oral transmission
      - Enterohepatic species
        
        Lower GIT; gall bladder; liver
        
        Faecal-oral transmission
    - - Flagella
        
        High motility
      - 2 Adhesins
        
        GIT epithelium
      - Cell wall lipopolysaccharide
        
        Endotoxin
        
        Inflammatory cytokines - chemotaxis
        
        Mucinase + phospholipase
        
        Mucosal damage
        
        Inhibit complement binding
- - - - Opportunistic infection
      - Horses and pigs
    - - RTX Exotoxins
        
        Leucotoxins + haemolysins
        
        Neutrophil recruitment
      - Endotoxin
    - - Not seen in cytology
  - - - Septicaemia - neonatal foals
        
        Maternal transfer
        
        Failure of passive transfer
  - - - Septic exudate
        
        High WBC, low bacteria count
        
        Minimal toxic changes
      - Culture
      - Haematology
        
        Mature neutrophilia
    - - Colic
      - Depression
      - Parasites - risk factor
        
        Strongylus vulgaris
  - - - tetracycline, neomycin, trimethoprin, ceftiofur, spectinomycin, and ampicillin