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Resources and Development - Coggle Diagram
Resources and Development
Soil as a resource
Classification of Soils
Alluvial soils, Black soils, Red and yellow soils, Laterite soils, Arid soils, Forest soils
Soil erosion and soil conservation
Removal of top soil is called soil erosion. Intense farming, grazing, construction activities and other human activities; along with deforestation have led to soil erosion. Soil conservation can be done by afforestation, terrace farming etc.
Types of resources
On the basis of status of development
Reserves
Resources which can be used for meeting future requirements
Stock
Materials which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access
Developed resources
These are the resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation
Potential Resources
Example, wind and solar energy in Rajasthan and Gujarat
On the basis of ownership
Individual resources
Example- plots, houses, plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells.
Community Resources
Example- Village commons (grazing grounds, village ponds etc.) public parks, picnic spots.
National Resources
All the resources belonging to a nation, i.e.,minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land.
International Resources
The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone
On the basis of exhaustibility
Renewable Resources
Examples, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife.
Non-renewable resources
Example, Minerals and fossil.
On the basis of origin
Abiotic Resources
Composed of non-living things. Example, rocks and minerals.
Biotic Resources
Obtained from biosphere, have life, Examples human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
Resource Development and Planning
Conservation of Resources
Irrational Consumption and over-utilization of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
Land Resources
Examples, mountains (30%), plateaus (27%) and plains and islands (43%).
Resource Planning in India
a. Making of inventory of resources after their region-wise identification across the country. b. Making of the planning structure with appropriate technology, skills and institutions
Development of Resources
Examples: Depletion of resources, accumulation of resources in only few hands, global ecological crises such as, global warming, ozone layer depletion.
Land utilization
Other uncultivated land
Permanent pastures and grazing land, land under miscellaneous tree crops groves, cultural waste land.
Fallow lands
Left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year, and left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years.
Land not available for cultivation
Barren and waste land, put to non-agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc.
Net sown area
Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as Gross Cropped Area.
Forests
Land under forest, i.e., 22.78 %
Land use pattern in India
Pattern of use of land depends on climate, topography, type of soil, population, technology, skill, population density, tradition, capability, etc.
Land degradation and conservation measures
There is about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India. Approximately, 28% forest degraded area, 56% is water eroded area and the rest is affected by saline and alkaline deposits.