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Introduction to general theory of administration - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to general theory of administration
Management approaches
Classic approach
Frederick Taylor known as the father of the administration for systematically investigating human work and having applied the scientific method to the study of manufacturing operations and in the production area.
found through his observations
there was no effective work system
there were no economic incentives for workers
the decisions were taken militarily and empirically
workers were incorporated into the job regardless of their abilities and aptitudes
contributions
times and movements: it consists of analyzing the time it takes a worker to carry out a given process
operations management principles
establishment of production quotas: each worker must cover at least the production quota
Salary incentives: workers who exceed the minimum production required must be provided with an economic incentive proportional to the surplus.
control principle: it consists of verifying that the work is carried out according to plan
Henry Fayol
most distinguished author in the administrative field
contributions
argued that the organization is an abstract entity, it must be directed by a set of steps that will lead to the achievement of its objectives
affirms that the administration is applicable to all human activities and social groups
Humanistic approach: George Elton
emerged with the theory of human relations in the USA in the thirties. It was mainly oriented towards two basic aspects:
analysis of work and adaptation of the worker to work: verification of the human characteristics required by each task.
adaptation of work to the worker: it is characterized by attention directed towards the individual and social aspects of work.
Neoclassical Approach
is to identify the roles of administrators
characteristics
emphasis on management practice
relative reaffirmation of the classical postulates
emphasis on general principles of administration
emphasis on objectives and results
eclecticism
Structuralist approach
Max Weber. The bureaucratic concept for Weber is the efficient organization par excellence
To achieve effectiveness, you need:
legal nature of rules and regulations
Formal character of the communications
rational character and division of labor
hierarchy of authority
technical and merit competition, etc.
some characteristics of bureaucracy
speed in decisions
routine uniformity
coherence
precision in the definition of the position and in the operation
Systematic approach
written by Van Gigch as a design methodology, common conceptual work, a new kind of scientific method.
Cybernetics: it is the science that deals with control and communication systems in people and machines.
mathematical theory: it is a representation in mathematical terms of propositions that describe the current behavior within a system.
Ludwing Von Bertalanffy systems theory is based on two basic pillars:
semantic contributions
methodological contributions
The company
Modern topics of administration
Total quality: it is a concept, a philosophy, a strategy, a model of doing business and it is located towards the client.
advantage
potentially achievable if there is higher level decision
improves the relationship between human resources and management
reduces costs by increasing productivity
Quality circles: it is a small group of employees who perform the same or similar work in a common work area
are intended to identify and resolve work-related errors
they operate in a cultural context in which the concept of business obeys economic and social interests
ISO 9,000 and 14,000 standards
are required because they guarantee the quality of a product by implementing exhaustive controls
ISO 9,000: they provide the basic rules for developing a quality system being independent of the purpose of the company or the product or service it provides.
ISO14,000: establish tools and systems focused on production processes within a company or organization and the effects that these derive from the environment.
Reengineering
The objective is to do what we are already doing but better
general objectives
greater economic benefit
higher customer satisfaction
increased staff satisfaction
greater knowledge and process control
decrease in process times
flexibility
achieve a better flow of information and materials
Management roles and responsibilities
Planning processes: it is an element of the administration that allows to fix the possible action resources and to establish guiding principles, sequence of operations, determination of times and amounts necessary to achieve the objectives
Planning strategy: it is a way to identify and move towards desired future states.
Types of plans: they are defined by their extension
strategic plans: these include all the objectives of the organization in terms of its environment.
Operational plans: specify the details of how the objectives are to be achieved
Structure in terms of time
Short-term plans: those that cover less than a year
Long-term plans: those that extend to more than five years
specific character
Specific plans: defined objectives, there is no ambiguity, there are no problems or they lead to misinterpretations
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Budgetary system: starts with the formulation, continues with the management and ends with the evaluation of the execution.
supply: refers to the quantity of goods, products or services offered in a market under certain conditions.
Demand: refers to the quantity of goods or services that are requested or desired in a given market in an economy at a specific price.
Competition: refers to the existence of a large number of companies or people who offer and sell a product.
Perfect competition: A market is perfectly competitive when there are many small sellers relative to the market.
Imperfect competition: the bidding companies individually influence the price of the industry's product.
Service: provide care and satisfy needs in an efficient way.
companies are classified according to:
origin of capital (public, private)
size (small business, micro business, medium business)
economic activity (industrial, commercial, service)
legal constitution criteria (sole proprietorship, associative work company, non-profit entities)
Administration is a social science whose purpose is to achieve common objectives by planning, organizing, directing and controlling activities.
Historical background:
It arose when the primitive men were united and organized to face the adverse conditions that nature gave them.
in ancient Greece Socrates made reference by arguing that just as an individual possessed the ability to control and direct a family so could he in public affairs.
Over time, administrative principles began to be created that have maintained their influence to this day.
Content and objective
The objective of the administration is to reach productivity, it is commonly said that the administration is to do something through another.
Administration and modern society
Administrative practices are carried out with the aim of obtaining productive results.
The administration has been changing from specific economic and social contexts.
Currently, innovation in administrative processes in addition to pursuing the proper management of human, technical and financial resources of the company.