The Allied Victory
Mobilizing for War
In the U.S factories converted their peacetime operations to wartime production and made everything from machine guns to boots. Automobile factories produced tanks. Typewriter factories made amorous piercing shells. By 1944, 17 and 18 million U.S. workers many of these women had jobs in war industries.
In the United States a shortage of consumer goods hit. Ex: from nylon stockings to laundry soap. However, in European countries rationing was even bigger.
To get people to put in more effort. Allied governments were in charge of effective propaganda campaigns. Ex: Russian family used their savings to buy a tank for the army.
Warm Limits Civil Rights
Propaganda was not all good. Prejudice arose in the U.S against Japanese Americans, because of the events of Pearl Harbor. By February 19, 1942, Roosevelt issued an executive order calling for the internment of Japanese Americans as they were seen as threat
By March, military began rounding up "aliens" shipping them to relocation camps. The camps were restricted military areas located far away from the coast.
Victory in Europe
Introduction
Allies were preparing for a victory in Europe. The Allies started to build a secret building and invasion force against Britian. Plan was to launch an attack on German held France across the English Channel.
The D-Day Invasion
The invasion force was equipped by May 1944. Awaiting to attack was thousands of planes, ships tanks and landing craft with three million of troops.
General Dwight D. Eisen however, had the strategy to strike on the coast of Normandy in northwestern France. Germans suspected something, but did not know the time. The Allies set a huge dummy army with its own headquarters and were equipment, planning to attack the French seaport of calais.
Known as D-Day the invasion began on June 6, 1944. British, French and Canadien troops fought their way onto a 60-mile stretch of beach in Normandy. More than 2,700 men died on the beaches that day.
Within a month of D-Day more than on million additional troops had landed. On July 25, the Allies punched a hole in the German defenses near Saint-Lo and the United States Third Army led by George Patton Broke out. Allies marched in to Paris and by September they had libertaed France, Belgium and Luxembourg, it was time for Germany.
The Battle of the Bulge
Allies moved towards the west but the Soviet was advancing towards Germany in the east. Hitler decided to have a counter attack in the west. Hitler thought that a victory would break apart American and British forces.
On December 16, German tanks broke through a weak American defense along a 75- mile front in the Ardnennes.
The Battle of the Bulgewas known as the push into Allied lines. Germans retreated, Allies pushed them back
Germany's Unconditional Surrender
After the Battle of Bulge the war was starting to end.By March 1945, Allies rolled across the Rhine River, middle of April a noose was closing Berlin. 6 million Soviet Troops began joining from the east. By April 25, 1945, the soviets surrendered the capital and were pounded the city with artillery fire.
When soviet shells burst over Berlin, it resulted in Hitler preparing for his end.His wife and him committed suicide.
General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich from the German military. On May 9, the surrender was signed in Berlin. There was much celebration after 6 years of fighting.
Victory in the Pacific
Introduction
Allies continued to fight the Japanese in the Pacific. The Japanese advances in Pacific stopped. Japanese retreated from the counterattack of the Allied Powers.
The Japanese in the Retreat
Fall of 1944, Allies began moving in on Japan. The Allied forces landed on the island of Leyte in the Philippines. Waded ashore was General Douglas MacArthur.
Japanese had a plan to destroy the American fleet, preventing the ALlies from resupplying their ground troops. The plan had its own risks this one was the whole Japanese fleet. On October 23, in the Battle of Leyte Gulf they carried out this plan, eliminated as fighting force in the war. The feared kamikazes, which were Japanese suicide pilots. and the Japanese army stood between the Allies and Japan. They would sink ALlied ships by crash-diving their bombs-filled planes onto them
In March 1945, after a month of bitter fighting and heavy losses, American Marines took Iwo Jima, which was an island near Tokyo. On April 1, U.S. troops moved onto the island of Okinawa, 350 miles from southern Japan. In result, On June 21, the bloodiest land battles of the war ended. Japanese lost over 100,000 troops and the Americans 12,000.
The Japanese Surrender
After Okinawa, the allies moved to Japan. President Truman's advisors had been informed that an invasion of the Japanese homeland had costed the Allies "half a million lives"
Truman wanted to use the atomic bomb. His advisors believed while using it the war would come to an end shortly, developed by the top Secret Manhattan Project
On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded in a desert in New Mexico, he thought they should surrender or eles they would face later troubles or could expect "The Rain of the Ruin From the Air"
Japanese did not say anything. On August 6, 1945, United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, 70-80 thousand people died and three years later on August 9 a bomb was dropped on Nagasaki and 70 thousand people died. Radition proceeded to kill more
The Japanese made the choice to surrender to General Douglas MacArthur on September 2. Ceramony took place abroad the United States battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay. The war ended with Japan surrendering. Countries now had to rebuild the world as it was torn from the war