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Cognitive Views of Learning - Coggle Diagram
Cognitive Views of Learning
Definitions
Cognitive View: Learning is a relatively enduring change in mental structures that occurs as a result of the interactions of an individual with the invironment
Learning: any relatively permanent change in our thoughts, feelings or behavior that results from experience
Information Processing Model
Attention
Concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli
Is an automatic and conscious process
Will determine what kind of information received from five senses to be processed in memory storage
Perception
Putting interpretation of sensory inputs
A process to "sort out" information that you receive from the environment as important or not
Gestalt's Principles of Perceptual Grouping
Similarity
Closure
Proximity
Continuity
Figure-ground
Memory
Refers to the process in which information is encoded, stored and retrieved
Storages
Working Memory
Long term memory
Sensory Memory
Stages of Memory
Storing and Encoding
Retrieval
Forgetting
Concept Formation and Knowledge Representation
Concept Formation
Theories
Exemplar theory
Rule theory
Prototype theory
Methods
Show examples that are typical (Prototype theory)
Ask students to recall examples from their experience (Exemplar theory)
Identify defining rules of a concept (Rule theory)
Techniques to Enhance Concept Formation
Concept Attainment Model
Concept Maps
Knowledge Representation
Procedural Knowledge
Scripts
Production
Declarative Knowledge
Proposition
Images
Schemas
Complex Cognitive Processes
HOTS & LOTS
Thinking
Decision making
Critical thinking
Reasoning
Problem solving
Creative thinking
Metacognition
Knowledge of cognition
Control of cognition
An individual's cognition about his thinking or knowing about knowing
Transfer of learning
Positive transfer
Negative transfer
Cognitive Classroom Principles
Engage your students in activity
Prevent cognitive overload
Emphasise what students already know
Promote elaboration of new information through questioning, generating examples, using anologies and mnemonics
Attract students attention
Assist students in organising complex information