19th century
Historical social context
19th century art became more personal, an observation of people and things as they appeared to the artist
romantic art: artists used Medieval and Renaissance stories as the subject of their paintings
Queen Victoria
The British Empire
Scientific discoveries and inventions
The Industrial revolution
education
the urban habitat working conditions
Literary context
The Novel
Charles Dickens "Oliver Twist" social and humanitarian themes
Robert L. Stevenson " "The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde" gothic tradition
Oscar Wilde " The Picture of Dorian Gray" " The Importance of Being Earnest " dissatisfaction with the values of the age
Pre-Rahaelite Brotherhood ( painters, poets and art critics) : a reaction to Victorian Values
Dante Gabriel Rossetti John Everett Millais
Superiority of art over morality
They wanted to return to the purity and simplicity of the Medieval Italian art, before Raphael
Great attention to detail
paintings
extreme attention to detail brilliant colours they liked painting women
Ophelia
second phase of Pre-Raphaelitism
They emphasise the qualities and the beauty of natural materials They designed and manufactured stained glass, textiles, handprinted wallpaper
J.E.Millais botanic detail flowers have symbolic meaning
impressionism: artists painted scenes of everyday life, they were interested in capturing the effects of light and color rather than in providing a perfect copy of a subject
Art Nouveau characteristics: sophisticated representation of human figure, geometrical patterns, broke the borders between fine art and applied art, advertising posters
Art Nouveau's artists Jules Chéret, Henry De Toulouse Lautrec,
Alphonse Mucha, Aubrey Beardsley