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CHAPTER 7: STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION - DATABASES - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 7: STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION - DATABASES
7.1 DEFINE THE FUNDAMENTAL CNCEPTS OF THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL
DATABASE
maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transaction), people (employees), and places (warehouse).
DATABASE MODELS
HIERARCHICAL DATABASE MODEL
information is organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships.
NETWORK DATABASE MODEL
a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships.
RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL
stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
.
ENTITIES & ATTRIBUTES
ENTITY
a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored
ATTRIBUTES
characteristics or properties of an entity class
KEYS AND RELATIONSHIPS
PRIMARY KEY
a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table.
FOREIGN KEY
a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables.
7.2 EVALUATE THE ADVANTAGES OF THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODAL
REDUCED INFORMATION REDUNDANCY
Redundancy –
the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places
Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information
Databases reduce information redundancy
INCREASED INFORMATION INTEGRITY (QUALITY)
Integrity constraint –
rules that help ensure the quality of information
Business-critical integrity constraint
rule that enforce business rules vital to an organization’s success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints
Relational integrity constraint
– rule that enforces basic and fundamental information-based constraints
Information integrity –
measures the quality of information
INCREASED SCALABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
Scalability
– refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands
Performance
– measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction
A database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining acceptable performance levels
INCREASED INFORMATION SECURITY
Information is an organizational asset and must be protected
Databases offer several security features including:
Access level –
determines who has access to the different types of information
Access control –
determines types of user access, such as read-only access
Password –
provides authentication of the user
INCREASED FLEXIBILITY
Provide users with different views
Have only one physical view
Physical view
– deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device
Handle changes quickly and easily
Have multiple logical views
Logical view
– focuses on how users logically access information
7.3 COMPARE RELATIONAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS AND BUSINESS-CRITICAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS
Operational integrity constraints are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints
Business-critical integrity constraints are rules that enforce business rules vital to an organization’s success and often require more insight and knowledge than operational integrity constraints
7.4 DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS OF A DATA DRIVEN WEB SITE
Data-driven Web sites
–
an interactive Web site kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database
Minimizing Human Error
Cutting Production and Update Costs
Future Expandability
More Efficient
Content Management
Improved Stability
Development
7.5 DESCRIBE THE TWO PRIMARY METHODS FOR INTEGRATING INFORMATION ACROSS MULTIPLE DATABASES
Integration –
allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other
Forward integration –
takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes
Backward integration –
takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes