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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - Coggle Diagram
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Causes
Pathophysiology
Increased LDL
irritate/damage inner layer of coronary arteries
Forms fatty streak
Engulfing fatty substance
fibrous tissue
calcium deposit
Oxygen deprivation
anaerobic metabolism
Accumulation of lactic acid
Lower cell pH
Atherosclerosis
Dissecting aneurysm
Infectious vasculitis
Syphilis
Congenital defects
Coronary artery spasm
Risk Factors
Age
Family Hx
High cholesterol
Elevated LDL
Hypertriglyceridemia
Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity
Sedentary Lifestyle
Stress
End-stage renal disease
Excessive Alcohol consumption
Cocaine use
Complications
Plaques rupture due to disruption of fibrous cap
Acute events
Cardiac arrhythmias
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Angina
Cardiomyopathy
Sudden cardiac death
Clinical Manifestations
Cool extremities
Diaphoresis (Sweating)
Xanthoma
Obesity
Hypertension/ Hypotension
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Positive Levine sign
Diminished/absent peripheral pulses
Heart murmur
Pedal edema
Pulmonary congestion
S4 and/ or S3 Heart sounds
Labs/Diagnostics
Elevated
serum triglyceride
Total cholesterol
LDL
Cholesterol-HDL Ratio
(POSSIBLE) C-reactive protein
(POSSIBLE) B-type natriuretic peptide
Decreased HDL
Imaging
Imaging w/ thallium-201
Multiple-gated acquisition scanning
Coronary angiography
Stress echocardiography
Transesophageal echocardiography
PET Scan
Calcium scoring
Collaborative Treatment
General
Stress-reduction techniques
Lifestyle modification
Smoking cessation
Ideal body weight
VTE Prophylaxis
Diet
Low-fat
Low-sodium
Controlled portion size/ avoid overeating
Limit alcohol
Food w/ lower glycemic index/ load
Monosaturated fats
Activity
Restrictions (if angina present)
Moderate-vigorous exercise (3-4x/ week)
Medication
Antiplatelet agents (Aspirin)
ACE Inhibitors
Cholesterol-lowering agents
Niacin
Nitrates (angina)
Diuretics
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
Vitamin E
Folic Acid
Surgery
Coronary artery bypass
Angioplasty
Stent placement
Atherectomy
Laser surgery